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PAD is underdiagnosed, which delays treatment and worsens clinical outcomes. To overcome this challenge, the purpose of this study is to develop machine learning (ML) models that distinguish individuals with and without PAD. This is the first step to using ML to identify those with PAD risk early. We built ML models based on previously acquired overground walking biomechanics data from patients with PAD and healthy controls. Gait signatures were characterized using ankle, knee, and hip joint angles, torques, and powers, as well as ground reaction forces (GRF). ML was able to classify those with and without PAD using Neural Networks or Random Forest algorithms with 89% accuracy (0.64 Matthew\u2019s Correlation Coefficient) using all laboratory-based gait variables. Moreover, models using only GRF variables provided up to 87% accuracy (0.64 Matthew\u2019s Correlation Coefficient). These results indicate that ML models can classify those with and without PAD using gait signatures with acceptable performance. Results also show that an ML gait signature model that uses GRF features delivers the most informative data for PAD classification.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s22197432","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,10]],"date-time":"2022-10-10T03:07:28Z","timestamp":1665371248000},"page":"7432","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["Machine Learning-Based Peripheral Artery Disease Identification Using Laboratory-Based Gait Data"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"22","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8471-2325","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ali","family":"Al-Ramini","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Mechanical Engineering Department, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mahdi","family":"Hassan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomechanics, University of Nebraska at Omaha, Omaha, NE 6160, USA"},{"name":"Department of Surgery and VA Research Service, VA Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, NE 68105, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4210-2131","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Farahnaz","family":"Fallahtafti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomechanics, University of Nebraska at Omaha, Omaha, NE 6160, USA"},{"name":"Department of Surgery and VA Research Service, VA Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, NE 68105, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0748-156X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohammad Ali","family":"Takallou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Durham School of Architectural Engineering and Construction, University of Nebraska\u2013Lincoln, Omaha, NE 68182, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hafizur","family":"Rahman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomechanics, University of Nebraska at Omaha, Omaha, NE 6160, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Basheer","family":"Qolomany","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cyber Systems Department, University of Nebraska at Kearney, Kearney, NE 68849, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Iraklis I.","family":"Pipinos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery and VA Research Service, VA Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, NE 68105, USA"},{"name":"Department of Surgery, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68105, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8134-4080","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fadi","family":"Alsaleem","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Durham School of Architectural Engineering and Construction, University of Nebraska\u2013Lincoln, Omaha, NE 68182, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2934-2624","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sara A.","family":"Myers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomechanics, University of Nebraska at Omaha, Omaha, NE 6160, USA"},{"name":"Department of Surgery and VA Research Service, VA Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, NE 68105, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0031-1278244","article-title":"Peripheral Arterial Disease: Epidemiology, Natural History, Diagnosis and Treatment","volume":"16","author":"Dhaliwal","year":"2007","journal-title":"Int. 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