{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,29]],"date-time":"2025-10-29T03:53:10Z","timestamp":1761709990946,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"19","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,30]],"date-time":"2022-09-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1664496000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["62171357","61906145","2020TD-2017","2020CFA001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["62171357","61906145","2020TD-2017","2020CFA001"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Science and Technology Innovation Team in Shaanxi Province of China","award":["62171357","61906145","2020TD-2017","2020CFA001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["62171357","61906145","2020TD-2017","2020CFA001"]}]},{"name":"Hubei Provincial Natural Science Foundation","award":["62171357","61906145","2020TD-2017","2020CFA001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["62171357","61906145","2020TD-2017","2020CFA001"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Ground clutter data are usually generated using a statistical model, but they cannot effectively reflect the spatial distribution characteristics of ground objects. It is important in practical projects to effectively predict ground clutter when terrain data are known. In this paper, a scheme of ground clutter simulation based on the three-dimensional parabolic equation (3DPE) model is proposed. Radio wave propagation was modeled by the PE model and the spatial field distribution was solved. After the radar cross section (RCS) calculation based on space cells, the ground clutter information data were obtained. Then the radar echo was obtained and the clutter map was simulated. The simulation experimental results show that the ground clutter map simulated by the proposed method has a good reference value, meets the demand of strong clutter area prediction under known terrain conditions, and provides a theoretical basis for radar location and optimal deployment.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s22197452","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,10]],"date-time":"2022-10-10T03:07:28Z","timestamp":1665371248000},"page":"7452","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["The Clutter Simulation of a Known Terrain by the 3D Parabolic Equation and RCS Computation"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Zhiyi","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"National Laboratory of Radar Signal Processing, Xidian University, Xi\u2019an 710071, China"},{"name":"Information and Education Technology Center, Xi\u2019an University of Finance and Economics, Xi\u2019an 710071, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jieru","family":"Ding","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Laboratory of Radar Signal Processing, Xidian University, Xi\u2019an 710071, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Min","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Laboratory of Radar Signal Processing, Xidian University, Xi\u2019an 710071, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shuyuan","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Artificial Intelligence, Xidian University, Xi\u2019an 710126, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"568","DOI":"10.1109\/7.381906","article-title":"Correlated K-distributed clutter generation for radar detection and track","volume":"31","author":"Marier","year":"1995","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. 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