{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,17]],"date-time":"2026-06-17T17:03:50Z","timestamp":1781715830539,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"19","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,2]],"date-time":"2022-10-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1664668800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["62073256"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["62073256"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2019GY-094"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019GY-094"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2022GY-112"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022GY-112"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"the Key Research and Development Project of Shaanxi Province","award":["62073256"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["62073256"]}]},{"name":"the Key Research and Development Project of Shaanxi Province","award":["2019GY-094"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019GY-094"]}]},{"name":"the Key Research and Development Project of Shaanxi Province","award":["2022GY-112"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022GY-112"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>In order to address the discontinuity caused by the direct application of the infrared and visible image fusion anti-halation method to a video, an efficient night vision anti-halation method based on video fusion is proposed. The designed frame selection based on inter-frame difference determines the optimal cosine angle threshold by analyzing the relation of cosine angle threshold with nonlinear correlation information entropy and de-frame rate. The proposed time-mark-based adaptive motion compensation constructs the same number of interpolation frames as the redundant frames by taking the retained frame number as a time stamp. At the same time, considering the motion vector of two adjacent retained frames as the benchmark, the adaptive weights are constructed according to the interframe differences between the interpolated frame and the last retained frame, then the motion vector of the interpolated frame is estimated. The experimental results show that the proposed frame selection strategy ensures the maximum safe frame removal under the premise of continuous video content at different vehicle speeds in various halation scenes. The frame numbers and playing duration of the fused video are consistent with that of the original video, and the content of the interpolated frame is highly synchronized with that of the corresponding original frames. The average FPS of video fusion in this work is about six times that in the frame-by-frame fusion, which effectively improves the anti-halation processing efficiency of video fusion.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s22197494","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,10]],"date-time":"2022-10-10T05:12:21Z","timestamp":1665378741000},"page":"7494","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Night Vision Anti-Halation Method Based on Infrared and Visible Video Fusion"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"22","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4499-1697","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Quanmin","family":"Guo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Xi\u2019an Technological University, Xi\u2019an 710021, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hanlei","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Xi\u2019an Technological University, Xi\u2019an 710021, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jianhua","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Xi\u2019an Technological University, Xi\u2019an 710021, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1111\/opo.12659","article-title":"Nighttime driving: Visual, lighting and visibility challenges","volume":"40","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ophthalmic. Physiol. Opt."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"228","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsr.2020.12.018","article-title":"Driver glare exposure with different vehicle frontlighting systems","volume":"76","author":"Patricia","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Saf. Res."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"907","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.nanolett.7b04267","article-title":"Spatial control of multiphoton electron excitations in InAs nanowires by varying crystal phase and light polarization","volume":"18","author":"Harth","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nano Lett."},{"key":"ref_4","first-page":"9293","article-title":"Embedded night-vision system for pedestrian detection","volume":"20","author":"Nowosielski","year":"2020","journal-title":"IEEE Sens. J."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"443","DOI":"10.1007\/s10812-019-00839-9","article-title":"Dynamic range of CCD photosensors for atomic-emission analyzers","volume":"86","author":"Yegorov","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Appl. Spectrosc."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1016\/j.inffus.2018.02.004","article-title":"Infrared and visible image fusion methods and applications: A survey","volume":"45","author":"Ma","year":"2019","journal-title":"Inf. Fusion"},{"key":"ref_7","first-page":"440","article-title":"Anti-halation method of visible and infrared image fusion based on improved IHS-Curvelet transform","volume":"47","author":"Guo","year":"2018","journal-title":"Infrared Laser Eng."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3967","DOI":"10.1109\/TCSVT.2020.3044600","article-title":"Similarity based block sparse subset selection for video summarization","volume":"31","author":"Ma","year":"2021","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Circuits Syst. Video Technol."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107540","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compeleceng.2021.107540","article-title":"An improved smart key frame extraction algorithm for vehicle target recognition","volume":"97","author":"Wang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Comput. Electr. Eng."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159027","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2020.3019503","article-title":"Video key frame monitoring algorithm and virtual reality display based on motion vector","volume":"8","author":"Wang","year":"2020","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvcir.2019.04.010","article-title":"Smooth switching method for asynchronous multiple viewpoint videos using frame interpolation","volume":"62","author":"Shishido","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Vis. Commun. Image Represent."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"128","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neucom.2022.02.067","article-title":"High-resolution optical flow and frame-recurrent network for video super-resolution and deblurring","volume":"489","author":"Fang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Neurocomputing"},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8303","DOI":"10.1109\/TIP.2020.3014723","article-title":"Optical Flow Based Co-located Reference Frame for Video Compression","volume":"29","author":"Li","year":"2020","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Image Process."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neucom.2019.03.009","article-title":"Video deblurring via motion compensation and adaptive information fusion","volume":"341","author":"Zhan","year":"2019","journal-title":"Neurocomputing"},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2980","DOI":"10.1016\/j.procs.2021.09.070","article-title":"Block Matching Algorithms for the Estimation of Motion in Image Sequences: Analysis","volume":"192","author":"Rao","year":"2021","journal-title":"Procedia Comput. Sci."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s11042-020-09040-z","article-title":"An efficient algorithm for fast block matching motion estimation using an adaptive threshold scheme","volume":"79","author":"Kerfa","year":"2020","journal-title":"Multimed. Tools Appl."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103434","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cviu.2022.103434","article-title":"Video frame interpolation via down\u2013up scale generative adversarial networks","volume":"220","author":"Tran","year":"2022","journal-title":"Comput. Vis. Image Underst."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106779","DOI":"10.1016\/j.optlastec.2020.106779","article-title":"Non-imaging target recognition algorithm based on projection matrix and image Euclidean distance by computational ghost imaging","volume":"137","author":"Ye","year":"2021","journal-title":"Opt. Laser Technol."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1653","DOI":"10.2991\/ijcis.d.210528.002","article-title":"Some cosine similarity measures and distance measures between complex q-rung orthopair fuzzy sets and their applications","volume":"14","author":"Liu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. J. Comput. Intell. Syst."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"036520","DOI":"10.1117\/1.JRS.14.036520","article-title":"Target classification of SAR images using nonlinear correlation information entropy","volume":"14","author":"Xia","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Appl. Remote Sens."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1100","DOI":"10.1080\/2150704X.2020.1823513","article-title":"Selection of multi-view SAR images via nonlinear correlation information entropy with application to target classification","volume":"11","author":"Li","year":"2020","journal-title":"Remote Sens. Lett."},{"key":"ref_22","first-page":"1","article-title":"Medical image segmentation using fast discrete curvelet transform and classification methods for MRI brain images","volume":"79","author":"Krishnammal","year":"2019","journal-title":"Multimed. Tools Appl."},{"key":"ref_23","first-page":"9821715","article-title":"An image fusion method based on curvelet transform and guided filter enhancement","volume":"4","author":"Zhang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Math. Probl. Eng."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1509","DOI":"10.1109\/83.862628","article-title":"Motion estimation methods for overlapped block motion compensation","volume":"9","author":"Su","year":"2000","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Image Process."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"933","DOI":"10.1109\/TPAMI.2019.2941941","article-title":"MEMC-Net: Motion estimation and motion compensation driven neural network for video interpolation and enhancement","volume":"43","author":"Bao","year":"2019","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell."}],"container-title":["Sensors"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1424-8220\/22\/19\/7494\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T00:45:44Z","timestamp":1760143544000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1424-8220\/22\/19\/7494"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,2]]},"references-count":25,"journal-issue":{"issue":"19","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,10]]}},"alternative-id":["s22197494"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/s22197494","relation":{},"ISSN":["1424-8220"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1424-8220","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,2]]}}}