{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T10:06:30Z","timestamp":1767261990629,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"19","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,7]],"date-time":"2022-10-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1665100800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Microwave ablation is commonly used in soft tissue tumors, but its application in bone tumors has been barely analyzed. Antennas to treat bone tissue (~3 cm2), has been lately designed. Bone tumors at pathological stage T1 can reach 8 cm wide. An antenna cannot cover it; therefore, our goal is to evaluate the thermal performance of multi-antenna arrays. Linear, triangular, and square configurations of double slot (DS) and monopole (MTM) antennas were evaluated. A parametric study (finite element method), with variations in distance between antennas (ad) and bone thickness (bt) was implemented. Array feasibility was evaluated by SWR, ablated tissue volume, etc. The linear configuration with DS and MTM antennas showed SWR \u2264 1.6 for ad = 1 mm\u201315 mm and bt = 20 mm\u201340 mm, and ad = 10 mm\u201315 mm and bt = 25 mm\u201340 mm, respectively; the triangular showed SWR \u2264 1.5 for ad = 5 mm\u201315 mm and bt = 20 mm\u201340 mm and ad = 10 mm\u201315 mm and bt = 25 mm\u201340 mm. The square configuration (DS) generated SWR \u2264 1.5 for ad = 5 mm\u201320 mm and bt = 20 mm\u201340 mm, and the MTM, SWR \u2264 1.5 with ad = 10 mm and bt = 25 mm\u201340 mm. Ablated tissue was 4.65 cm3\u201310.46 cm3 after 5 min. According to treatment time and array configuration, maximum temperature and ablated tissue is modified. Bone tumors &gt;3 cm3 can be treated by these antenna-arrays.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s22197604","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,10]],"date-time":"2022-10-10T05:12:21Z","timestamp":1665378741000},"page":"7604","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Thermal Evaluation of Multi-Antenna Systems Proposed to Treat Bone Tumors: Finite Element Analysis"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"22","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9775-5076","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Citlalli Jessica","family":"Trujillo-Romero","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Medical Engineering Research, National Institute of Rehabilitation-LGII, Calz. M\u00e9xico Xochimilco No. 289, Arenal de Guadalupe, Mexico City 14389, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Juan","family":"Dionisio Merida","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical Engineering, Universidad Autonoma Metropolitana, UAM-Iztapalapa, Av. Ferrocarril San Rafael Atlixco, 186, Leyes de Reforma, Mexico City 09310, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6161-5082","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Texar Javier","family":"Ram\u00edrez-Guzm\u00e1n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Electrical Engineering Department, Bioelectronics Section, CINVESTAV-IPN, Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico Nacional 2508, San Pedro Zacatenco, Mexico City 07360, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6426-0640","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Raquel","family":"Mart\u00ednez-Valdez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biomedical Engineering Program, Universidad Polit\u00e9cnica de Chiapas, Suchiapa 29150, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8437-6520","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lorenzo","family":"Leija-Salas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Electrical Engineering Department, Bioelectronics Section, CINVESTAV-IPN, Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico Nacional 2508, San Pedro Zacatenco, Mexico City 07360, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6258-154X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Arturo","family":"Vera-Hern\u00e1ndez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Electrical Engineering Department, Bioelectronics Section, CINVESTAV-IPN, Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico Nacional 2508, San Pedro Zacatenco, Mexico City 07360, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Genaro","family":"Rico-Mart\u00ednez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bone Tumors Service, National Institute of Rehabilitation-LGII, Calz. M\u00e9xico Xochimilco No. 289, Arenal de Guaudalupe, Mexico City 14389, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0468-4764","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jos\u00e9 Jes\u00fas Agust\u00edn","family":"Flores-Cuautle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CONACYT-National Technological Institute of Mexico\/I.T. Orizaba, Posgraduate Studies and Research Division, Oriente 9, No. 852, Orizaba 94320, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4047-4257","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Josefina","family":"Guti\u00e9rrez-Mart\u00ednez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Medical Engineering Research, National Institute of Rehabilitation-LGII, Calz. M\u00e9xico Xochimilco No. 289, Arenal de Guadalupe, Mexico City 14389, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6196-6288","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Emilio","family":"Sacrist\u00e1n-Rock","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Center for Research in Instrumentation and Medical Imaging, UAM-Iztapalapa, Av. Ferrocarril San Rafael Atlixco, 186, Leyes de Reforma, Mexico City 09310, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"(2022, January 17). Radiation Therapy for Bone Cancer. Available online: https:\/\/www.cancer.org\/cancer\/bone-cancer\/treating\/radiation.html."},{"key":"ref_2","unstructured":"(2022, January 17). Chemotherapy for Bone Cancer. 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