{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,25]],"date-time":"2025-10-25T19:12:26Z","timestamp":1761419546374,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"19","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,9]],"date-time":"2022-10-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1665273600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Equipment Pre-Research Foundation of China during the \u201c14th Five-Year Plan\u201d","award":["629010204"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["629010204"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This article presents a novel optimization algorithm for large array thinning. The algorithm is based on Discrete Particle Swarm Optimization (DPSO) integrated with some different search strategies. It utilizes a global learning strategy to improve the diversity of populations at the early stage of optimization. A dispersive solution set and the gravitational search algorithm are used during particle velocity updating. Then, a local search strategy is enabled in the later stage of optimization. The particle position is adaptively adjusted by the mutation probability, and its motion state is monitored by two observation parameters. The peak side-lobe level (PSLL) performance, effectiveness and robustness of the improved PSO algorithm are verified by several representative examples.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s22197656","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,10]],"date-time":"2022-10-10T05:12:21Z","timestamp":1665378741000},"page":"7656","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Constrained Planar Array Thinning Based on Discrete Particle Swarm Optimization with Hybrid Search Strategies"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"22","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6467-5822","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wanhan","family":"Cai","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Microelectronics and Communication Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China"}]},{"given":"Lixia","family":"Ji","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Microelectronics and Communication Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China"}]},{"given":"Chenglin","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Microelectronics and Communication Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China"}]},{"given":"Ke","family":"Mei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Microelectronics and Communication Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China"}]},{"given":"Hao","family":"Zeng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Microelectronics and Communication Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"652","DOI":"10.1109\/TAP.2013.2292529","article-title":"Reducing the Number of Elements in Multiple-Pattern Linear Arrays by the Extended Matrix Pencil Methods","volume":"62","author":"Liu","year":"2014","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. 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