{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,9]],"date-time":"2026-07-09T04:08:43Z","timestamp":1783570123084,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"20","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,11]],"date-time":"2022-10-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1665446400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>With the establishment of satellite constellations equipped with ship automatic identification system (AIS) receivers, the amount of AIS data is continuously increasing, and AIS data have become an important part of ocean big data. To further improve the ability to use AIS data for maritime surveillance, it is necessary to explore a ship classification and anomaly detection method suitable for spaceborne AIS data. Therefore, this paper proposes a ship classification and anomaly detection method based on machine learning that considers ship behavior characteristics for spaceborne AIS data. In view of the characteristics of different types of ships, this paper introduces the extraction and analysis of ship behavior characteristics in addition to traditional geometric features and discusses the ability of the proposed method for ship classification and anomaly detection. The experimental results show that the classification accuracy of the five types of ships can reach 92.70%, and the system can achieve better results in the other classification evaluation metrics by considering the ship behavior characteristics. In addition, this method can accurately detect anomalous ships, which further proves the effectiveness and feasibility of the proposed method.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s22207713","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,12]],"date-time":"2022-10-12T02:10:27Z","timestamp":1665540627000},"page":"7713","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":42,"title":["Ship Classification and Anomaly Detection Based on Spaceborne AIS Data Considering Behavior Characteristics"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Zhenguo","family":"Yan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Aerospace Science and Engineering, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xin","family":"Song","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Aerospace Science and Engineering, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hanyang","family":"Zhong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Aerospace Science and Engineering, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lei","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Aerospace Science and Engineering, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yitao","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Aerospace Science and Engineering, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2218","DOI":"10.3390\/e15062218","article-title":"Vessel pattern knowledge discovery from AIS data: A framework for anomaly detection and route prediction","volume":"15","author":"Pallotta","year":"2013","journal-title":"Entropy"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135245","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2022.135245","article-title":"Marine environment and maritime safety assessment using port state control database","volume":"304","author":"Chuah","year":"2022","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2327","DOI":"10.3390\/su10072327","article-title":"Extracting shipping route patterns by trajectory clustering model based on automatic identification system data","volume":"10","author":"Pan","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sustainability"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.1007\/s13437-018-0151-6","article-title":"Past, present, and future of the satellite-based automatic identification system: Areas of applications (2004\u20132016)","volume":"17","author":"Fournier","year":"2018","journal-title":"WMU J. 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