{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,17]],"date-time":"2026-03-17T18:54:56Z","timestamp":1773773696178,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"20","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,12]],"date-time":"2022-10-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1665532800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["62003182"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["62003182"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["ZR2019MEE072"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ZR2019MEE072"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2019GGX101038"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019GGX101038"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007129","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["62003182"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["62003182"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007129","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007129","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["ZR2019MEE072"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ZR2019MEE072"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007129","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007129","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2019GGX101038"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019GGX101038"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007129","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Key Research and Development Program of Shandong Province","award":["62003182"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["62003182"]}]},{"name":"Key Research and Development Program of Shandong Province","award":["ZR2019MEE072"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ZR2019MEE072"]}]},{"name":"Key Research and Development Program of Shandong Province","award":["2019GGX101038"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019GGX101038"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Along with the rapid development of autonomous driving technology, autonomous vehicles are showing a trend of practicality and popularity. Autonomous vehicles perceive environmental information through sensors to provide a basis for the decision making of vehicles. Based on this, this paper investigates the lane-changing decision-making behavior of autonomous vehicles. First, the similarity between autonomous vehicles and moving molecules is sought based on a system-similarity analysis. The microscopic lane-changing behavior of vehicles is analyzed by the molecular-dynamics theory. Based on the objective quantification of the lane-changing intention, the interaction potential is further introduced to establish the molecular-dynamics lane-changing model. Second, the relationship between the lane-changing initial time and lane-changing completed time, and the dynamic influencing factors of the lane changing, were systematically analyzed to explore the influence of the microscopic lane-changing behavior on the macroscopic traffic flow. Finally, the SL2015 lane-changing model was compared with the molecular-dynamics lane-changing model using the SUMO platform. SUMO is an open-source and multimodal traffic experimental platform that can realize and evaluate traffic research. The results show that the speed fluctuation of autonomous vehicles under the molecular-dynamics lane-changing model was reduced by 15.45%, and the number of passed vehicles was increased by 5.93%, on average, which means that it has better safety, stability, and efficiency. The molecular-dynamics lane-changing model of autonomous vehicles takes into account the dynamic factors in the traffic scene, and it reasonably shows the characteristics of the lane-changing behavior for autonomous vehicles.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s22207748","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,12]],"date-time":"2022-10-12T22:45:29Z","timestamp":1665614729000},"page":"7748","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Analysis of Lane-Changing Decision-Making Behavior of Autonomous Vehicles Based on Molecular Dynamics"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Dayi","family":"Qu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Mechanical and Automotive Engineering, Qingdao University of Technology, Qingdao 266520, China"}]},{"given":"Kekun","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Mechanical and Automotive Engineering, Qingdao University of Technology, Qingdao 266520, China"}]},{"given":"Hui","family":"Song","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Mechanical and Automotive Engineering, Qingdao University of Technology, Qingdao 266520, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7721-9391","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tao","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Mechanical and Automotive Engineering, Qingdao University of Technology, Qingdao 266520, China"}]},{"given":"Shouchen","family":"Dai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Mechanical and Automotive Engineering, Qingdao University of Technology, Qingdao 266520, China"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"174","DOI":"10.1109\/MNET.2019.1900120","article-title":"Autonomous driving cars in smart cities: Recent advances, requirements, and challenges","volume":"34","author":"Yaqoob","year":"2019","journal-title":"IEEE Netw."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"136","DOI":"10.1016\/j.infsof.2015.12.008","article-title":"A functional reference architecture for autonomous driving","volume":"73","author":"Behere","year":"2016","journal-title":"Inform. 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