{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,12]],"date-time":"2025-10-12T01:21:14Z","timestamp":1760232074190,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"20","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,13]],"date-time":"2022-10-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1665619200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council","award":["EP\/X525716\/1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["EP\/X525716\/1"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>In this paper, a novel embedded helix dielectric rod antenna is presented for high gain radiation with circular polarization (CP) and low side lobe levels for IoT Applications. Different from the conventional dielectric rod antennas, this proposed antenna is an integrated structure that combines the advantages of the helix and dielectric rod antennas. The presented antenna mainly consists of three parts: a tapered helix as primary feeding for CP, a dielectric rod with printed loops embedded for higher directivity, and a dielectric rod end for improving the gain further. After studying and analyzing the working principles of each part, an optimum design operating at 8\u20139.7 GHz is carried out as an example. A prototype is also fabricated and tested. The measured results show that the prototype can provide 18.41 dB maximum gain within the length of 7.7 \u03bb. The side lobe level is below \u221220 dB, and the axial ratio is better than 1.14 dB in the whole frequency band. Compared with the traditional helix antenna and dielectric rod antenna with the same electric length, the presented antenna has a higher gain with a lower side lobe level and with good polarization purity.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s22207760","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,14]],"date-time":"2022-10-14T01:44:13Z","timestamp":1665711853000},"page":"7760","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["A High Gain Embedded Helix and Dielectric Rod Antenna with Low Side Lobe Levels for IoT Applications"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Muhammad","family":"Nasir","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology, Lahore 39161, Pakistan"},{"name":"Department of Electronic Engineering and Information Science, University of Science and Technology of China (USTC), Hefei 230026, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yulong","family":"Xia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electronic Engineering and Information Science, University of Science and Technology of China (USTC), Hefei 230026, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7602-0740","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Abu Bakar","family":"Sharif","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical Engineering & Technology, Government College University Faisalabad (GCUF), Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan"},{"name":"James Watt School of Engineering, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Guangjun","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electronic Engineering and Information Science, University of Science and Technology of China (USTC), Hefei 230026, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Qi","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electronic Engineering and Information Science, University of Science and Technology of China (USTC), Hefei 230026, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6926-7983","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Masood","family":"Ur Rehman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"James Watt School of Engineering, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7097-9969","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Qammer Hussain","family":"Abbasi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"James Watt School of Engineering, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ogbodo, E.U., Abu-Mahfouz, A.M., and Kurien, A.M. 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Commun."}],"container-title":["Sensors"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1424-8220\/22\/20\/7760\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T00:53:10Z","timestamp":1760143990000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1424-8220\/22\/20\/7760"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,13]]},"references-count":23,"journal-issue":{"issue":"20","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,10]]}},"alternative-id":["s22207760"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/s22207760","relation":{},"ISSN":["1424-8220"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"1424-8220"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,13]]}}}