{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,15]],"date-time":"2026-05-15T17:31:33Z","timestamp":1778866293503,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"20","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,15]],"date-time":"2022-10-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1665792000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Key R&amp;D Program of China","award":["2020YFB1707900"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020YFB1707900"]}]},{"name":"National Key R&amp;D Program of China","award":["2020YFB1711800"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020YFB1711800"]}]},{"name":"National Key R&amp;D Program of China","award":["62172061"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["62172061"]}]},{"name":"National Key R&amp;D Program of China","award":["62262074"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["62262074"]}]},{"name":"National Key R&amp;D Program of China","award":["2022YFG0159"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022YFG0159"]}]},{"name":"National Key R&amp;D Program of China","award":["2022YFG0155"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022YFG0155"]}]},{"name":"National Key R&amp;D Program of China","award":["2022YFG0157"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022YFG0157"]}]},{"name":"National Key R&amp;D Program of China","award":["2021GFW019"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021GFW019"]}]},{"name":"National Key R&amp;D Program of China","award":["2021YFG0152"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021YFG0152"]}]},{"name":"National Key R&amp;D Program of China","award":["2021YFG0025"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021YFG0025"]}]},{"name":"National Key R&amp;D Program of China","award":["2020YFG0322"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020YFG0322"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2020YFB1707900"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020YFB1707900"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2020YFB1711800"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020YFB1711800"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["62172061"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["62172061"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["62262074"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["62262074"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2022YFG0159"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022YFG0159"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2022YFG0155"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022YFG0155"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2022YFG0157"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022YFG0157"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2021GFW019"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021GFW019"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2021YFG0152"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021YFG0152"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2021YFG0025"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021YFG0025"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2020YFG0322"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020YFG0322"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Science and Technology Project of Sichuan Province","award":["2020YFB1707900"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020YFB1707900"]}]},{"name":"Science and Technology Project of Sichuan Province","award":["2020YFB1711800"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020YFB1711800"]}]},{"name":"Science and Technology Project of Sichuan Province","award":["62172061"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["62172061"]}]},{"name":"Science and Technology Project of Sichuan Province","award":["62262074"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["62262074"]}]},{"name":"Science and Technology Project of Sichuan Province","award":["2022YFG0159"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022YFG0159"]}]},{"name":"Science and Technology Project of Sichuan Province","award":["2022YFG0155"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022YFG0155"]}]},{"name":"Science and Technology Project of Sichuan Province","award":["2022YFG0157"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022YFG0157"]}]},{"name":"Science and Technology Project of Sichuan Province","award":["2021GFW019"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021GFW019"]}]},{"name":"Science and Technology Project of Sichuan Province","award":["2021YFG0152"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021YFG0152"]}]},{"name":"Science and Technology Project of Sichuan Province","award":["2021YFG0025"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021YFG0025"]}]},{"name":"Science and Technology Project of Sichuan Province","award":["2020YFG0322"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020YFG0322"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Compared with traditional physical commodities, data are intangible and easy to leak, and the related trading process has problems, such as complex participating roles, lengthy information flow, poor supervisory coverage and difficult information traceability. To handle these problems, we construct a distributed supervision model for data trading based on blockchain, and conduct multi-party hierarchical and multi-dimensional supervision of the whole process of data trading through collaborative supervision before the event, at present and after the event. First, the characteristics of information flow in the data trading process are analyzed, and the main subject and key supervision information in the data trading process are sorted out and refined. Secondly, combined with the actual business process of data trading supervision, a multi-channel structure of distributed supervision is proposed by adopting an access\u2013verification\u2013traceability strategy. Finally, under the logical framework of the supervision model, the on-chain hierarchical structure and the data hybrid storage method of \u201con-chain + off-chain\u201d are designed, and multi-supervisor-oriented hierarchical supervision and post-event traceability are realized through smart contracts. The results show that the constructed blockchain-based distributed supervision model of data trading can effectively isolate and protect sensitive and private information between data trading, so as to realize the whole process, multi-subject and differentiated supervision of key information of data trading, and provide an effective and feasible method for the controllable and safe supervision of data trading.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s22207842","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,17]],"date-time":"2022-10-17T03:43:58Z","timestamp":1665978238000},"page":"7842","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Distributed Supervision Model for Enterprise Data Asset Trading Based on Blockchain Multi-Channel in Industry Alliance"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Jianxiong","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Computer Science, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China"},{"name":"Big Data Analysis and Fusion Application Technology Engineering Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu 610065, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bing","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Computer Science, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China"},{"name":"Big Data Analysis and Fusion Application Technology Engineering Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu 610065, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xuefeng","family":"Ding","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Computer Science, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China"},{"name":"Big Data Analysis and Fusion Application Technology Engineering Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu 610065, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dasha","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Computer Science, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China"},{"name":"Big Data Analysis and Fusion Application Technology Engineering Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu 610065, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yuming","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Computer Science, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China"},{"name":"Big Data Analysis and Fusion Application Technology Engineering Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu 610065, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fernandez, R.C., Subramaniam, P., and Franklin, M.J. (2020). Data Market Platforms: Trading Data Assets to Solve Data Problems. arXiv.","DOI":"10.14778\/3407790.3407800"},{"key":"ref_2","first-page":"13","article-title":"Data Assets Value Evaluation Model Based on Profit Maximization","volume":"6","author":"Dong","year":"2020","journal-title":"Big Data Res."},{"key":"ref_3","first-page":"117","article-title":"Security Risk Assessment Model of Blockchain","volume":"49","author":"Qin","year":"2021","journal-title":"Acta Electonica Sin."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100107","DOI":"10.1016\/j.iot.2019.100107","article-title":"Blockchain Technology: A Survey on Applications and Security Privacy Challenges","volume":"8","author":"Mohanta","year":"2019","journal-title":"Internet Things"},{"key":"ref_5","first-page":"1021","article-title":"An Efficient and Secure Decentralizing Data Sharing Model","volume":"41","author":"Dong","year":"2018","journal-title":"Chin. J. Comput."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yue, X., Wang, H., Liu, W., Li, W., Shi, P., and Ouyang, X. (2018, January 11\u201313). JCDTA: The Data Trading Archtecture Design in Jointcloud Computing. Proceedings of the 24th International Conference on Parallel and Distributed Systems (ICPADS), Singapore.","DOI":"10.1109\/PADSW.2018.8644552"},{"key":"ref_7","unstructured":"Zhang, F., Guo, S., Qiu, X., Xu, S., Qi, F., and Wang, Z. (2021). Federated Learning Meets Blockchain: State Channel Based Distributed Data Sharing Trust Supervision Mechanism. IEEE Internet Things J."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"114061","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cam.2021.114061","article-title":"The Digital Asset Value and Currency Supervision Under Deep Learning and Blockchain Technology","volume":"407","author":"Fan","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Comput. Appl. Math."},{"key":"ref_9","first-page":"126","article-title":"Personal Data Bank: A New Mode of Personal Big Data Asset Management and Value-Added Services Based on Bank Architecture","volume":"40","author":"Guo","year":"2017","journal-title":"Chin. J. Comput."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21582440221094600","DOI":"10.1177\/21582440221094600","article-title":"Recognition and Evaluation of Data as Intangible Assets","volume":"12","author":"Xiong","year":"2022","journal-title":"SAGE Open"},{"key":"ref_11","first-page":"240","article-title":"The Impact of Supply Chain Management Practices on Competitive Advantage","volume":"10","author":"Harsasi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int. J. Econ. Policy Emerg. Econ."},{"key":"ref_12","unstructured":"Leat, D., Seltzer, K., and Stoker, G. (2002). Towards Holistic Governance: The New Reform Agenda, Bloomsbury Publishing."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109585","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rser.2019.109585","article-title":"Blockchain for Power Systems: Current Trends and Future Applications","volume":"119","author":"Gallo","year":"2020","journal-title":"Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2063","DOI":"10.1080\/00207543.2019.1650976","article-title":"Blockchain Applications in Supply Chains, Transport and Logistics: A Systematic Review of The Literature","volume":"58","author":"Pournader","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Prod. Res."},{"key":"ref_15","first-page":"2728","article-title":"Modeling Food Supply Chain Traceability Based on Blockchain Technology","volume":"52","author":"Casino","year":"2019","journal-title":"Ifac-Pap."},{"key":"ref_16","first-page":"3247","article-title":"Trusted Transaction Method of Manufacturing Services Based on Blockchain","volume":"25","author":"Wang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Comput. Integr. Manuf. Syst."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1495","DOI":"10.1109\/JIOT.2018.2836144","article-title":"Blockchain-Based Decentralized Trust Management in Vehicular Networks","volume":"6","author":"Yang","year":"2018","journal-title":"IEEE Internet Things J."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Azaria, A., Ekblaw, A., Vieira, T., and Lippman, A. (2016, January 22\u201324). Medrec: Using Blockchain for Medical Data Access and Permission Management. Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Open and Big Data (OBD), Vienna, Austria.","DOI":"10.1109\/OBD.2016.11"},{"key":"ref_19","first-page":"3534220","article-title":"Analysis of Platform Economic Supervision Mode from the Perspective of Blockchain","volume":"2022","author":"Yang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Mob. Inf. Syst."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Peng, X., Zhang, X., Wang, X., Li, H., Xu, J., Zhao, Z., and Wang, Y. (2022). Research on the Cross-Chain Model of Rice Supply Chain Supervision Based on Parallel Blockchain and Smart Contracts. Foods, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/foods11091269"},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lin, Y.-P., Mukhtar, H., Huang, K.-T., Petway, J.R., Lin, C.-M., Chou, C.-F., and Liao, S.-W. (2020). Real-Time Identification of Irrigation Water Pollution Sources and Pathways with A Wireless Sensor Network and Blockchain Framework. Sensors, 20.","DOI":"10.3390\/s20133634"},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dogo, E.M., Salami, A.F., Nwulu, N.I., and Aigbavboa, C.O. (2019). Blockchain and Internet of Things-Based Technologies for Intelligent Water Management System. Artificial Intelligence in IoT, Springer.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-04110-6_7"},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1109\/TIFS.2018.2848657","article-title":"Accounttrade: Accountability Against Dishonest Big Data Buyers and Sellers","volume":"14","author":"Jung","year":"2018","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Inf. Forensics Secur."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"725","DOI":"10.1109\/TIFS.2019.2928256","article-title":"SDTE: A Secure Blockchain-Based Data Trading Ecosystem","volume":"15","author":"Dai","year":"2019","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Inf. Forensics Secur."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ramachandran, G.S., Wright, K., Zheng, L., Navaney, P., Naveed, M., Krishnamachari, B., and Dhaliwal, J. (2019, January 14\u201317). Trinity: A Byzantine Fault-Tolerant Distributed Publish-Subscribe System with Immutable Blockchain-Based Persistence. Proceedings of the International Conference on Blockchain and Cryptocurrency (ICBC), Seoul, Korea.","DOI":"10.1109\/BLOC.2019.8751388"},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wang, D., Gao, J., Yu, H., and Li, X. (2018). A Novel Digital Rights Management in P2P Networks Based on Bitcoin System. Frontiers in Cyber Security, Proceedings of the International Conference FCS, Chengdu, China, 5\u20137 November 2018, Springer.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-981-13-3095-7_18"},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"449","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ins.2018.11.028","article-title":"Machine Learning Based Privacy-Preserving Fair Data Trading in Big Data Market","volume":"478","author":"Zhao","year":"2019","journal-title":"Inf. Sci."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101104","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pmcj.2019.101104","article-title":"A Novel Data Exploitation Framework Based on Blockchain","volume":"61","author":"Dib","year":"2020","journal-title":"Pervasive Mob. Comput."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Niu, C., Zheng, Z., Wu, F., Gao, X., and Chen, G. (2017, January 19\u201322). Trading Data in Good Faith: Integrating Truthfulness and Privacy Preservation in Data Markets. Proceedings of the 33rd International Conference on Data Engineering (ICDE), San Diego, CA, USA.","DOI":"10.1109\/ICDE.2017.80"},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4660","DOI":"10.1109\/JIOT.2018.2875542","article-title":"Blockchain for Secure and Efficient Data Sharing in Vehicular Edge Computing and Networks","volume":"6","author":"Kang","year":"2018","journal-title":"IEEE Internet Things J."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"304","DOI":"10.1109\/MNET.011.2000349","article-title":"Toward Decentralized Fair Data Trading Based on Blockchain","volume":"35","author":"Li","year":"2020","journal-title":"IEEE Netw."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e5857","DOI":"10.1002\/cpe.5857","article-title":"Ensuring Transparency and Traceability of Food Local Products: A Blockchain Application to A Smart Tourism Region","volume":"33","author":"Baralla","year":"2021","journal-title":"Concurr. Comput. Pract. Exp."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9296","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2021.3050112","article-title":"Smart Contract-Based Agricultural Food Supply Chain Traceability","volume":"9","author":"Wang","year":"2021","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"key":"ref_34","first-page":"7011145","article-title":"An Exploratory Study on the Design and Management Model of Traditional Chinese Medicine Quality Safety Traceability System Based on Blockchain Technology","volume":"2022","author":"Li","year":"2022","journal-title":"Secur. Commun. Netw."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102024","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijinfomgt.2019.10.009","article-title":"An Intelligent Blockchain-Based System for Safe Vaccine Supply and Supervision","volume":"52","author":"Yong","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Inf. Manag."},{"key":"ref_36","first-page":"2914571","article-title":"Blockchain-Based Information Supervision Model for Rice Supply Chains","volume":"2022","author":"Wang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Comput. Intell. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17901","DOI":"10.1109\/JIOT.2022.3162499","article-title":"A Redactable Blockchain Framework for Secure Federated Learning in Industrial Internet-of-Things","volume":"9","author":"Wei","year":"2022","journal-title":"IEEE Internet Things J."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8154","DOI":"10.1109\/JIOT.2021.3125190","article-title":"A blockchain-based Shamir\u2019s threshold cryptography scheme for data protection in industrial internet of things settings","volume":"9","author":"Yu","year":"2021","journal-title":"IEEE Internet Things J."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1145\/3433542","article-title":"A blockchain-empowered access control framework for smart devices in green internet of things","volume":"21","author":"Tan","year":"2021","journal-title":"ACM Trans. Internet Technol."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"G\u00f3rski, T. (2022). Reconfigurable Smart Contracts for Renewable Energy Exchange with Re-Use of Verification Rules. Appl. Sci., 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/app12115339"},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Xiao, Y., Zhou, C., Guo, X., Song, Y., and Chen, C. (2022). A Novel Decentralized E-Commerce Transaction System Based on Blockchain. Appl. Sci., 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/app12125770"},{"key":"ref_42","unstructured":"Nakamoto, S. (2008). Bitcoin: A Peer-to-Peer Electronic Cash System. Decentralized Bus. Rev., 21260. Available online: https:\/\/bitcoin.org\/bitcoin.pdf."},{"key":"ref_43","first-page":"71","article-title":"Blockchain Technology: Beyond Bitcoin","volume":"2","author":"Crosby","year":"2016","journal-title":"Appl. Innov."},{"key":"ref_44","unstructured":"Andreas, M. (2015). Masteing Bitcoin. Unlocking Digital Cryptocurrencies, O\u2019Reilly Media, Inc."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Androulaki, E., Barger, A., Bortnikov, V., Cachin, C., Christidis, K., Caro, A.D., Ferris, C., Laventman, G., Manevich, Y., and Muralidharan, S. (2018, January 23\u201326). Hyperledger Fabric: A Distributed Operating System For Permissioned Blockchains. Proceedings of the thirteenth EuroSys conference, Porto, Portugal.","DOI":"10.1145\/3190508.3190538"},{"key":"ref_46","first-page":"1","article-title":"Architecture of the Hyperledger Blockchain Fabric","volume":"310","author":"Cachin","year":"2016","journal-title":"Workshop Distrib. Cryptocurrencies Consens. Ledgers"},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dhillon, V., Metcalf, D. (2017). The Hyperledger Project. Blockchain Enabled Applications, Apress.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4842-3081-7"},{"key":"ref_48","first-page":"323","article-title":"Data storage and query method of agricultural products traceability information based on blockchain","volume":"35","author":"Yang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Trans. Chin. Soc. Agric. Eng."}],"container-title":["Sensors"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1424-8220\/22\/20\/7842\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T00:54:44Z","timestamp":1760144084000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1424-8220\/22\/20\/7842"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,15]]},"references-count":48,"journal-issue":{"issue":"20","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,10]]}},"alternative-id":["s22207842"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/s22207842","relation":{},"ISSN":["1424-8220"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1424-8220","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,15]]}}}