{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,10]],"date-time":"2026-02-10T19:59:32Z","timestamp":1770753572506,"version":"3.50.0"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"20","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,17]],"date-time":"2022-10-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1665964800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["61875185"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["61875185"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["U1939207"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U1939207"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["YJKYYQ20210036"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["YJKYYQ20210036"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["SZX2020034"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SZX2020034"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Scientific Instrument Developing Project of the Chinese Academy of Sciences","award":["61875185"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["61875185"]}]},{"name":"Scientific Instrument Developing Project of the Chinese Academy of Sciences","award":["U1939207"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U1939207"]}]},{"name":"Scientific Instrument Developing Project of the Chinese Academy of Sciences","award":["YJKYYQ20210036"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["YJKYYQ20210036"]}]},{"name":"Scientific Instrument Developing Project of the Chinese Academy of Sciences","award":["SZX2020034"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SZX2020034"]}]},{"name":"S&amp;T Program of Hebei","award":["61875185"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["61875185"]}]},{"name":"S&amp;T Program of Hebei","award":["U1939207"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U1939207"]}]},{"name":"S&amp;T Program of Hebei","award":["YJKYYQ20210036"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["YJKYYQ20210036"]}]},{"name":"S&amp;T Program of Hebei","award":["SZX2020034"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SZX2020034"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>A stabilized narrow-linewidth random fiber laser for strain detection, based on a three-grating ring (TGR) resonator and half-open-cavity structure, is proposed and investigated experimentally. The half-open-cavity structure proved to provide double optical gain of erbium-doped fiber, which was beneficial to increase the photon lifetime as well as further narrow the linewidth. Meanwhile, the stability and frequency noise of narrow lasing output was improved by suppressing the competition-induced undesired residual random lasing modes with the TGR resonator. The TGR resonator is composed of a double-cavity fiber Bragg grating Fabry\u2013Perot (FBG-FP) interferometer, a section of single-mode fiber, and a circulator. The specially designed double-cavity FBG-FP interferometer embedded in the TGR resonator acted as the strain-sensing element and improved the resolution of the dynamic strain. A stable ultra-narrow linewidth of about 205 Hz was obtained. The frequency noise was reduced to about 2 Hz\/\u221aHz. A high dynamic strain measuring resolution of 35 femto-strain (f\u03b5)\/\u221aHz was achieved.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s22207882","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,18]],"date-time":"2022-10-18T00:31:01Z","timestamp":1666053061000},"page":"7882","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Narrow Linewidth Half-Open-Cavity Random Laser Assisted by a Three-Grating Ring Resonator for Strain Detection"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"22","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5473-0357","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bing","family":"Lv","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Optoelectronic System Lab, Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100083, China"},{"name":"Department of Electronic and Communication Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Baoding 071003, China"},{"name":"Hebei Key Laboratory of Power Internet of Things Technology, North China Electric Power University, Baoding 071003, China"},{"name":"Baoding Key Laboratory of Optical Fiber Sensing and Optical Communication Technology, North China Electric Power University, Baoding 071003, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4869-6564","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wentao","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Optoelectronic System Lab, Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100083, China"}]},{"given":"Wenzhu","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Optoelectronic System Lab, Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100083, China"}]},{"given":"Fang","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Optoelectronic System Lab, Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100083, China"}]},{"given":"Yongqian","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electronic and Communication Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Baoding 071003, China"},{"name":"Hebei Key Laboratory of Power Internet of Things Technology, North China Electric Power University, Baoding 071003, China"},{"name":"Baoding Key Laboratory of Optical Fiber Sensing and Optical Communication Technology, North China Electric Power University, Baoding 071003, China"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"326","DOI":"10.1364\/PRJ.6.000326","article-title":"Noise-sidebands-free and ultra-low-RIN 1.5 mu m single-frequency fiber laser towards coherent optical detection","volume":"6","author":"Zhao","year":"2018","journal-title":"Photon. 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