{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,12]],"date-time":"2025-10-12T01:21:16Z","timestamp":1760232076989,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"20","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,17]],"date-time":"2022-10-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1665964800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000038","name":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["STPGP 493893"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["STPGP 493893"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000038","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This paper presents a single-axis angular rate sensor that is robust to variations in its operating voltage and frequencies. The sensor is developed to overcome the shortcomings of conventional mode-matched Micromachined Vibratory Gyroscopes in open loop operations, namely narrow frequency bandwidths and unstable scale factors. The developed sensor utilizes inherent forcing and inertial nonlinearities from electrostatic forces and fabrication imperfections to auto-parametrically excite the sense mode via 2:1 auto-parametric resonance, which yields a broader bandwidth frequency response for the sensor\u2019s sense mode. The experimental results demonstrated \u22123\u00a0dB frequency bandwidth of 500\u00a0Hz, a scale factor of 50\u00a0\u03bcV\/\u00b0\/s, and a dynamic range of \u00b1330\u00b0\/s.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s22207889","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,18]],"date-time":"2022-10-18T00:31:01Z","timestamp":1666053061000},"page":"7889","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["A Robust Angular Rate Sensor Utilizing 2:1 Auto-Parametric Resonance Excitation"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Bhargav","family":"Gadhavi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Mechatronic Systems Engineering, Simon Fraser University, Surrey, BC V3T 0A3, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Farid","family":"Golnaraghi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Mechatronic Systems Engineering, Simon Fraser University, Surrey, BC V3T 0A3, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6809-1445","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Behraad","family":"Bahreyni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Mechatronic Systems Engineering, Simon Fraser University, Surrey, BC V3T 0A3, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Acar, C., and Shkel, A. 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