{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,12]],"date-time":"2025-10-12T01:23:33Z","timestamp":1760232213443,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"20","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,17]],"date-time":"2022-10-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1665964800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007446","name":"King Khalid University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R.G.P.1\/180\/43"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R.G.P.1\/180\/43"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007446","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This study proposes an analytical model of a WPT system with three orthogonal transmitter coils organised to produce a concentrated and controlled omnidirectional magnetic field suited for charging a moving, rotating load, providing maximal energy transfer without receiving end feedback. In order to create a realistic 3D WPT simulation system and a precise controller design, the mutual coupling values in terms of the receiver angular positions are modelled using the Ansys software. In using the established model of the 3DWPT system, an extremum seeking control (ESC) is used to maximize the power transfer utilizing the input power as an objective function assigned with specified parametric values defining the WPT model. The output power transmitted by the sending-end coils to a load of a moving UAV rotating in orbit is displayed. According to simulation results, when the receiver UAV speed is close to 2250 deg\/s, the controller can accomplish a maximum power transfer of 2.6w in almost 1ms.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s22207897","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,18]],"date-time":"2022-10-18T00:31:01Z","timestamp":1666053061000},"page":"7897","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Modelling and Control Design of a Non-Collaborative UAV Wireless Charging System"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Oussama","family":"Allama","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"IoT and Wireless Communication Protocols Laboratory, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, International Islamic University Malaysia (IIUM), Kuala Lumpur 53100, Malaysia"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2263-0850","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohamed Hadi","family":"Habaebi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IoT and Wireless Communication Protocols Laboratory, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, International Islamic University Malaysia (IIUM), Kuala Lumpur 53100, Malaysia"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5749-8538","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sheroz","family":"Khan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical and Renewable Energy Engineering, Unaizah Colleges of Engineering, Unaizah 56453, Saudi Arabia"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9556-5861","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elfatih A. A.","family":"Elsheikh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical Engineering, College of Engineering, King Khalid University, Abha 61421, Saudi Arabia"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9771-1559","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"F. M.","family":"Suliman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical Engineering, College of Engineering, King Khalid University, Abha 61421, Saudi Arabia"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1109\/IOTM.0001.1900064","article-title":"Internet of MIMO Things: UAV-Assisted Wireless-Powered Networks for Future Smart Cities","volume":"3","author":"Cetinkaya","year":"2020","journal-title":"IEEE Internet Things Mag."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rabello, A., Brito, R.C., Favarim, F., Weitzenfeld, A., and Todt, E. (2020, January 9\u201312). 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