{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,28]],"date-time":"2025-11-28T12:33:29Z","timestamp":1764333209003,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"20","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,20]],"date-time":"2022-10-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1666224000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Cadent Therapeutics, Inc."},{"name":"BioSensics LLC"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The study presents a novel approach to objectively assessing the upper-extremity motor symptoms in spinocerebellar ataxia (SCA) using data collected via a wearable sensor worn on the patient\u2019s wrist during upper-extremity tasks associated with the Assessment and Rating of Ataxia (SARA). First, we developed an algorithm for detecting\/extracting the cycles of the finger-to-nose test (FNT). We extracted multiple features from the detected cycles and identified features and parameters correlated with the SARA scores. Additionally, we developed models to predict the severity of symptoms based on the FNT. The proposed technique was validated on a dataset comprising the seventeen (n = 17) participants\u2019 assessments. The cycle detection technique showed an accuracy of 97.6% in a Bland\u2013Altman analysis and a 94% accuracy (F1-score of 0.93) in predicting the severity of the FNT. Furthermore, the dependency of the upper-extremity tests was investigated through statistical analysis, and the results confirm dependency and potential redundancies in the upper-extremity SARA assessments. Our findings pave the way to enhance the utility of objective measures of SCA assessments. The proposed wearable-based platform has the potential to eliminate subjectivity and inter-rater variabilities in assessing ataxia.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s22207993","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,21]],"date-time":"2022-10-21T00:34:30Z","timestamp":1666312470000},"page":"7993","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Objective Assessment of Upper-Extremity Motor Functions in Spinocerebellar Ataxia Using Wearable Sensors"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Reza","family":"Mohammadi-Ghazi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"BioSensics LLC, 57 Chapel St, Newton, MA 02458, USA"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1982-6825","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hung","family":"Nguyen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"BioSensics LLC, 57 Chapel St, Newton, MA 02458, USA"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9441-683X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ram Kinker","family":"Mishra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"BioSensics LLC, 57 Chapel St, Newton, MA 02458, USA"}]},{"given":"Ana","family":"Enriquez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"BioSensics LLC, 57 Chapel St, Newton, MA 02458, USA"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0320-8101","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bijan","family":"Najafi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Interdisciplinary Consortium on Advanced Motion Performance (iCAMP), Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA"}]},{"given":"Christopher D.","family":"Stephen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ataxia Center, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 100 Cambridge St, Boston, MA 02115, USA"}]},{"given":"Anoopum S.","family":"Gupta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ataxia Center, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 100 Cambridge St, Boston, MA 02115, USA"}]},{"given":"Jeremy D.","family":"Schmahmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ataxia Center, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 100 Cambridge St, Boston, MA 02115, USA"}]},{"given":"Ashkan","family":"Vaziri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"BioSensics LLC, 57 Chapel St, Newton, MA 02458, USA"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1016\/j.humov.2014.11.013","article-title":"Recognizing upper limb movements with wrist worn inertial sensors using k-means clustering classification","volume":"40","author":"Biswas","year":"2015","journal-title":"Hum. 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