{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,6]],"date-time":"2026-02-06T04:10:29Z","timestamp":1770351029387,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"21","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,26]],"date-time":"2022-10-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1666742400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["12204542"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["12204542"]}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["ZK19-08"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ZK19-08"]}]},{"name":"Science project of National University of Defense Technology","award":["12204542"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["12204542"]}]},{"name":"Science project of National University of Defense Technology","award":["ZK19-08"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ZK19-08"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Modulation instability (MI) is the main limitation factor of the maximum optical power in long-haul phase-sensitive optical time domain reflectometry (\u03a6-OTDR), and induces signal fading and serious phase noise. In this paper, a method of coherent seed injection is proposed to suppress the MI-induced phase noise in long-haul \u03a6-OTDR. The spontaneous MI is suppressed by stimulating induced MI in an optical fiber. The visibility of the signal in \u03a6-OTDR is enhanced and the phase noise is suppressed significantly. This paper offers an effective method to increase the maximum input power with the MI-induced phase noise suppressed in the long-haul \u03a6-OTDR system. As a result, the maximum input power and sensing distance can be potentially increased, which is greatly beneficial to the enhancement of the performance of long-haul \u03a6-OTDR.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s22218190","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,26]],"date-time":"2022-10-26T07:17:48Z","timestamp":1666768668000},"page":"8190","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Suppression of Modulation Instability Induced Phase Noise in the Long-Haul Phase-Sensitive Optical Time Domain Reflectometry"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"22","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8135-9757","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yichi","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Meteorology and Oceanography, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, China"},{"name":"Academy of Artillery and Air Defense, Nanjing 210000, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Qi","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Meteorology and Oceanography, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yang","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Meteorology and Oceanography, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zhou","family":"Meng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Meteorology and Oceanography, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5427-4475","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xiaoyang","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Meteorology and Oceanography, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"200078","DOI":"10.29026\/oea.2022.200078","article-title":"Advances in phase-sensitive optical time-domain reflectometry","volume":"5","author":"Liu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Opto-Electron. 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