{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,21]],"date-time":"2026-03-21T20:52:45Z","timestamp":1774126365737,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"21","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,1]],"date-time":"2022-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1667260800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["61902267"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["61902267"]}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["62272329"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["62272329"]}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["62072319"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["62072319"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Optical camera communication (OCC), enabled by light-emitting diodes (LEDs) and embedded cameras on smartphones, has drawn considerable attention thanks to the pervasive adoption of LED lighting and mobile devices. However, most existing studies do not consider the performance bottleneck of Region of Interest (RoI) extraction during decoding, making it challenging to improve communication capacity further. To this end, we propose a fast grid virtual division scheme based on pixel grayscale values, which extracts RoI quickly without sacrificing computational complexity, thereby reducing the decoding delay and improving the communication capacity of OCC. Essentially, the proposed scheme uses a grid division strategy to divide the received image into blocks and randomly sample several pixels within different blocks to quickly locate the RoI with high grayscale values in the original image. By implementing the lightweight RoI extraction algorithm, we experimentally verify its effectiveness in reducing decoding latency, demonstrating its superior performance in terms of communication capacity. The experimental results clearly show that the decoding delay of the proposed scheme is 70% lower than that provided by the Gaussian blur scheme for the iPhone receiver at a transmission frequency of 5 kHz.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s22218375","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,2]],"date-time":"2022-11-02T08:15:12Z","timestamp":1667376912000},"page":"8375","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["High-Speed Extraction of Regions of Interest in Optical Camera Communication Enabled by Grid Virtual Division"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"22","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8259-2449","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xin","family":"Hu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Southampton Business School, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK"}]},{"given":"Pinpin","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Computer Science, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1337-8945","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yimao","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Computer Science, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China"},{"name":"Institute for Industrial Internet Research, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China"}]},{"given":"Xiong","family":"Deng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Information Science and Technology, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 611756, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9266-8600","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yanbing","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Computer Science, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China"},{"name":"Institute for Industrial Internet Research, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6166-890X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Liangyin","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Computer Science, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China"},{"name":"Institute for Industrial Internet Research, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Cisco, U. 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