{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,18]],"date-time":"2026-04-18T06:05:05Z","timestamp":1776492305347,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"21","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,4]],"date-time":"2022-11-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1667520000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC)"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>A portable, molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP)-based microneedle (MN) sensor for the electrochemical detection of imidacloprid (IDP) has been demonstrated. The MN sensor was fabricated via layer-by-layer (LbL) in-tube coating using a carbon nanotube (CNT)\/cellulose nanocrystal (CNC) composite, and an IDP-imprinted polyaniline layer co-polymerized with imidazole-functionalized CNCs (PANI-co-CNC-Im) as the biomimetic receptor film. The sensor, termed MIP@CNT\/CNC MN, was analyzed using both cyclic voltammetry (CV) and differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) and showed excellent electrochemical performance for the detection of IDP. The CV detection range for IDP was 2.0\u201399 \u00b5M, with limits of detection (LOD) of 0.35 \u00b5M, while the DPV detection range was 0.20\u201392 \u00b5M with an LOD of 0.06 \u00b5M. Additionally, the MIP@CNT\/CNC MN sensor showed excellent reusability and could be used up to nine times with a 1.4 % relative standard deviation (% RSD) between uses. Lastly, the MIP@CNT\/CNC MN sensor successfully demonstrated the quantification of IDP in a honey sample.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s22218492","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,4]],"date-time":"2022-11-04T09:26:00Z","timestamp":1667553960000},"page":"8492","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":29,"title":["Molecularly Imprinted Polymer-Modified Microneedle Sensor for the Detection of Imidacloprid Pesticides in Food Samples"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"22","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0015-1947","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Samuel M.","family":"Mugo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Sciences, MacEwan University, Edmonton, AB T5J4S2, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Weihao","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Sciences, MacEwan University, Edmonton, AB T5J4S2, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Scott V.","family":"Robertson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Sciences, MacEwan University, Edmonton, AB T5J4S2, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2897","DOI":"10.1021\/jf101303g","article-title":"Overview of the Status and Global Strategy for Neonicotinoids","volume":"59","author":"Jeschke","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. 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