{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,13]],"date-time":"2026-02-13T11:52:12Z","timestamp":1770983532224,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":61,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"21","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,7]],"date-time":"2022-11-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1667779200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Deanship of Scientific Research at Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University","award":["RG-21-07-04"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RG-21-07-04"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Smart home technologies have attracted more users in recent years due to significant advancements in their underlying enabler components, such as sensors, actuators, and processors, which are spreading in various domains and have become more affordable. However, these IoT-based solutions are prone to data leakage; this privacy issue has motivated researchers to seek a secure solution to overcome this challenge. In this regard, wireless signal eavesdropping is one of the most severe threats that enables attackers to obtain residents\u2019 sensitive information. Even if the system encrypts all communications, some cyber attacks can still steal information by interpreting the contextual data related to the transmitted signals. For example, a \u201cfingerprint and timing-based snooping (FATS)\u201d attack is a side-channel attack (SCA) developed to infer in-home activities passively from a remote location near the targeted house. An SCA is a sort of cyber attack that extracts valuable information from smart systems without accessing the content of data packets. This paper reviews the SCAs associated with cyber\u2013physical systems, focusing on the proposed solutions to protect the privacy of smart homes against FATS attacks in detail. Moreover, this work clarifies shortcomings and future opportunities by analyzing the existing gaps in the reviewed methods.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s22218564","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,8]],"date-time":"2022-11-08T08:17:12Z","timestamp":1667895432000},"page":"8564","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Smart Home Privacy Protection Methods against a Passive Wireless Snooping Side-Channel Attack"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Mohammad Ali","family":"Nassiri Abrishamchi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Computing, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Bahru 81310, Malaysia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0022-3039","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anazida","family":"Zainal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Computing, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Bahru 81310, Malaysia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1468-0655","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fuad A.","family":"Ghaleb","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Computing, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Bahru 81310, Malaysia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6575-161X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sultan Noman","family":"Qasem","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Computer Science Department, College of Computer and Information Sciences, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU), Riyadh 11432, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9140-4339","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Abdullah M.","family":"Albarrak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Computer Science Department, College of Computer and Information Sciences, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU), Riyadh 11432, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Jiang, L., Liu, D.-Y., and Yang, B. 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