{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,24]],"date-time":"2026-04-24T03:19:38Z","timestamp":1777000778920,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"22","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,8]],"date-time":"2022-11-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1667865600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>A mobile agent is a software application that moves naturally among hosts in a uniform and non-uniform environment; it starts with one host and then moves onto the next in order to divide data between clients. The mobile paradigm is utilized in a wide assortment of medical care applications such as the medical information of a patient, the recovery of clinical information, the incorporation of information pertaining to their wellbeing, dynamic help, telemedicine, obtaining clinical data, patient administration, and so on. The accompanying security issues have grown in tandem with the complexity and improvements in mobile agent technologies. As mobile agents work in an insecure environment, their security is a top priority when communicating and exchanging data and information. Data integrity, data confidentiality and authentication, on-repudiation, denial of service, and access control, are all key security concerns with mobile agent migration. This paper proposes a Verifiable, Secure Mobile Agent Migration model, based on two polynomials (t, n), and an edge secret imparting plan with Blowfish encryption, to enable secure information transmission in clinical medical care.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s22228620","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,9]],"date-time":"2022-11-09T02:44:32Z","timestamp":1667961872000},"page":"8620","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Verifiable, Secure Mobile Agent Migration in Healthcare Systems Using a Polynomial-Based Threshold Secret Sharing Scheme with a Blowfish Algorithm"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Pradeep","family":"Kumar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, JSS Academy of Technical Education, Noida 201301, Uttar Pradesh, India"},{"name":"Institute of Engineering & Technology, Shobhit University, Meerut 250110, Uttar Pradesh, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4306-2194","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kakoli","family":"Banerjee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, JSS Academy of Technical Education, Noida 201301, Uttar Pradesh, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2614-4788","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Niraj","family":"Singhal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Chotu Ram Engineering College, Meerut 250001, Uttar Pradesh, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3693-9701","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ajay","family":"Kumar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, JSS Academy of Technical Education, Noida 201301, Uttar Pradesh, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sita","family":"Rani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Guru Nanak Dev Engineering College, Ludhiana 141006, Punjab, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2934-7609","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Raman","family":"Kumar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mechanical and Production Engineering, Guru Nanak Dev Engineering College, Ludhiana 141006, Punjab, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Cioca Adriana","family":"Lavinia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CMI Cioca Adriana Lavinia, 22 Dorobantilor Street, 550231 Sibiu, Romania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Tardo, J., and Valente, L. (2002). Mobile agent security and Telescript. COMPCON\u201996. Technologies for the Information Superhighway Digest of Papers, IEEE."},{"key":"ref_2","first-page":"272","article-title":"Group Authentication Using Back-propagation Neural Network","volume":"6","author":"Narad","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int. J. Adv. Res. Comput. Commun. Eng."},{"key":"ref_3","unstructured":"Yao, M. (2004). A Security Architecture for Protecting Dynamic Components of Mobile Agents. [Doctoral Dissertation, Queensland University of Technology]."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2493","DOI":"10.1007\/s10916-011-9716-z","article-title":"Deployment of Secure Mobile Agents for Medical Information Systems","volume":"36","author":"Chen","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Med. Syst."},{"key":"ref_5","unstructured":"Esparza, O., Soriano, M., Mu\u00f1oz, J.L., and Forn\u00e9, J. (2003, January 3). A protocol for detecting malicious hosts based on limiting the execution time of mobile agents. Proceedings of the Eighth IEEE Symposium on Computers and Communications. ISCC 2003, Kemer-Antalya Turkey."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wagner, A. (2004, January 14\u201316). Mobile agent: Based module distribution in heterogeneous networks. Proceedings of the CF \u201904: Proceedings of the 1st Conference on Computing frontiers, New York, NY, USA.","DOI":"10.1145\/977091.977131"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4835","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2011.09.130","article-title":"A survey of security in multi-agent systems","volume":"39","author":"Cavalcante","year":"2012","journal-title":"Expert Syst. Appl."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Al-Jaljouli, R., and Abawajy, J.H. (2007, January 15\u201318). Secure Mobile Agent-based E-Negotiation for On-Line Trading. Proceedings of the 2007 IEEE International Symposium on Signal Processing and Information Technology, Giza, Egypt.","DOI":"10.1109\/ISSPIT.2007.4458205"},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1667","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-3664(00)00253-X","article-title":"Countermeasures for mobile agent security","volume":"23","author":"Jansen","year":"2000","journal-title":"Comput. Commun."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.14257\/ijgdc.2015.8.5.05","article-title":"Applications of Mobile Agents in Healthcare Domain: A Literature Survey","volume":"8","author":"Bagga","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int. J. Grid Distrib. Comput."},{"key":"ref_11","first-page":"192","article-title":"Anonymous Scheme for Secure Mobile Agent Migration Using Mignotte\u2019s Sequence and Back Propagation Artificial Neural Networks","volume":"13","author":"Kumar","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. J. Comput. Inf. Syst. Ind. Manag. Appl."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Santos-Pereira, C., Augusto, A.B., Cruz-Correia, R., and Correia, M.E. (2013, January 20\u201322). A secure RBAC mobile agent access control model for healthcare institutions. Proceedings of the 26th IEEE International Symposium on Computer-Based Medical Systems, Porto, Portugal.","DOI":"10.1109\/CBMS.2013.6627814"},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1109\/MIS.2006.120","article-title":"Secure Integration of Distributed Medical Data Using Mobile Agents","volume":"21","author":"Robles","year":"2006","journal-title":"IEEE Intell. Syst."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fortino, G., and Trunfio, P. (2014). Internet of Things Based on Smart Objects, Springer.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-00491-4"},{"key":"ref_15","first-page":"397","article-title":"Novel Security Architecture and Mechanism for Identity based Information Retrieval System in MANET","volume":"1","author":"Kumar","year":"2011","journal-title":"Int. J. Mob. Adhoc Netw."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1016\/S1386-5056(03)00033-9","article-title":"Data security and protection in cross-institutional electronic patient records","volume":"70","author":"Wolff","year":"2003","journal-title":"Int. J. Med. Inform."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"230","DOI":"10.1007\/s10922-010-9175-8","article-title":"Security Schemes for a Mobile Agent Based Network and System Management Framework","volume":"19","author":"Fong","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Netw. Syst. Manag."},{"key":"ref_18","unstructured":"Burstein, F., Zaslavsky, A., and Arora, N. (2005). Context-aware mobile agents for decision-making support in healthcare emergency applications. International Workshop on Context Modeling and Decision Support: 05\/07\/2005-05\/07\/2005, CEUR Workshop Proceedings."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"817","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compbiomed.2005.04.010","article-title":"HL7 ontology and mobile agents for interoperability in heterogeneous medical information systems","volume":"36","author":"Orgun","year":"2006","journal-title":"Comput. Biol. Med."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.4018\/ijcmam.2014010102","article-title":"A Mobile Agent-Based Technique for Medical Monitoring (Supports of Patients with Diabetes)","volume":"4","author":"Chaouch","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int. J. Comput. Model. Algorithms Med."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9947","DOI":"10.1007\/s10916-013-9947-2","article-title":"Secure Mobile Agent for Telemedicine Based on P2P Networks","volume":"37","author":"Hsu","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Med. Syst."},{"key":"ref_22","unstructured":"Pouyan, A.A., Ekrami, S., and Taban, M. (2011, January 22\u201327). A Distributed E-health Model Using Mobile Agents. Proceedings of the Seventh International Conference on Autonomic and Autonomous Systems, Venice\/Mestre, Italy. Available online: http:\/\/www.thinkmind.org\/index.php?view=article&articleid=icas_2011_1_20_20065."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"268","DOI":"10.1016\/j.comcom.2005.01.006","article-title":"Protection of a mobile agent with a reference clone","volume":"29","author":"Benachenhou","year":"2006","journal-title":"Comput. Commun."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"357","DOI":"10.1080\/01611194.2020.1717676","article-title":"Two polynomials based (t, n) threshold secret sharing scheme with cheating detection","volume":"44","author":"Biswas","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cryptologia"},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"El-Yahyaoui, A., and EL Kettani, M.D.E.-C. (2019). A Verifiable Fully Homomorphic Encryption Scheme for Cloud Computing Security. Technologies, 7.","DOI":"10.3390\/technologies7010021"},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Garcia-Perez, A., Cegarra-Navarro, J.G., Sallos, M.P., Martinez-Caro, E., and Chinnaswamy, A. (2022). Resilience in healthcare systems: Cyber security and digital transformation. Technovation.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.technovation.2022.102583"},{"key":"ref_27","first-page":"813","article-title":"Performance analysis of AES, DES and Blowfish cryptographic algorithms on small and large data files","volume":"11","author":"Patel","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int. J. Inf. Technol."},{"key":"ref_28","unstructured":"Demster, B. (2013). Managing Information and Security in Healthcare, Bloomsbury Publishing."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e5","DOI":"10.4108\/eai.13-7-2018.164097","article-title":"Design and Development of Bioinformatics Feature Based DNA Sequence Data Compression Algorithm","volume":"5","author":"Banerjee","year":"2019","journal-title":"EAI Endorsed Trans. Pervasive Health Technol."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"600","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph110100600","article-title":"A Mobile Multi-Agent Information System for Ubiquitous Fetal Monitoring","volume":"11","author":"Su","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health"},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Idrissi, H., Souidi, E.M., and Revel, A. (2015). Security of Mobile Agent Platforms Using Access Control and Cryptography. Agent and Multi-Agent Systems: Technologies and Applications, Springer.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-19728-9_3"},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ins.2020.01.038","article-title":"Secret sharing with secure secret reconstruction","volume":"519","author":"Harn","year":"2020","journal-title":"Inf. Sci."},{"key":"ref_33","first-page":"38","article-title":"Symmetric-Key Based Homomorphic Primitives for End-to-End Secure Data Aggregation in Wireless Sensor Networks","volume":"6","author":"Parmar","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Inf. Secur."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"152","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dam.2019.05.011","article-title":"Tightly coupled multi-group threshold secret sharing based on Chinese Remainder Theorem","volume":"268","author":"Meng","year":"2019","journal-title":"Discret. Appl. Math."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1550147718790892","DOI":"10.1177\/1550147718790892","article-title":"A hierarchical access control scheme based on Lagrange interpolation for mobile agents","volume":"14","author":"Hsiao","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int. J. Distrib. Sens. Netw."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1080\/01611190601090606","article-title":"The Tiny Encryption Algorithm","volume":"31","author":"Shepherd","year":"2007","journal-title":"Cryptologia"},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.24138\/jcomss.v11i1.113","article-title":"Reusable Multi-Stage Multi-Secret Sharing Schemes Based on CRT","volume":"11","author":"Endurthi","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Commun. Softw. Syst."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2387358","DOI":"10.1155\/2019\/2387358","article-title":"A Novel (t,n) Secret Sharing Scheme Based upon Euler\u2019s Theorem","volume":"2019","author":"Chen","year":"2019","journal-title":"Secur. Commun. Netw."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ins.2018.04.043","article-title":"Cheating identifiable secret sharing scheme using symmetric bivariate polynomial","volume":"453","author":"Liu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Inf. Sci."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sidhu, A., Singh, S., Kumar, R., Pimenov, D., and Giasin, K. (2021). Prioritizing Energy-Intensive Machining Operations and Gauging the Influence of Electric Parameters: An Industrial Case Study. Energies, 14.","DOI":"10.3390\/en14164761"}],"container-title":["Sensors"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1424-8220\/22\/22\/8620\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T01:12:45Z","timestamp":1760145165000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1424-8220\/22\/22\/8620"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,8]]},"references-count":40,"journal-issue":{"issue":"22","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,11]]}},"alternative-id":["s22228620"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/s22228620","relation":{},"ISSN":["1424-8220"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1424-8220","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,8]]}}}