{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,12]],"date-time":"2025-10-12T01:28:46Z","timestamp":1760232526668,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"22","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,11]],"date-time":"2022-11-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1668124800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"INFN","award":["654168"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["654168"]}]},{"name":"European Union\u2019s Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation program","award":["654168"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["654168"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>We present a study on the radiation tolerance and timing properties of 3D diamond detectors fabricated by laser engineering on synthetic Chemical Vapor Deposited (CVD) plates. We evaluated the radiation hardness of the sensors using Charge Collection Efficiency (CCE) measurements after neutron fluences up to 1016 n\/cm2 (1 MeV equivalent.) The radiation tolerance is significantly higher when moving from standard planar architecture to 3D architecture and increases with the increasing density of the columnar electrodes. Also, the maximum applicable bias voltage before electric breakdown increases significantly after high fluence irradiation, possibly due to the passivation of defects. The experimental analysis allowed us to predict the performance of the devices at higher fluence levels, well in the range of 1016 n\/cm2. We summarize the recent results on the time resolution measurements of our test sensors after optimization of the laser fabrication process and outline future activity in developing pixel tracking systems for high luminosity particle physics experiments.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s22228722","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,14]],"date-time":"2022-11-14T04:30:52Z","timestamp":1668400252000},"page":"8722","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["A Study of the Radiation Tolerance and Timing Properties of 3D Diamond Detectors"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Lucio","family":"Anderlini","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute for Nuclear Physics of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino, 50019 Florence, Italy"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7352-1366","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marco","family":"Bellini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute of Optics-CNR of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino, 50019 Florence, Italy"},{"name":"LENS\u2014European Laboratory for Non-Linear Spectroscopy of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino, 50019 Florence, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino, 50019 Florence, Italy"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2037-7185","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vladimir","family":"Cindro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jozef Stefan Institute, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0820-5196","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chiara","family":"Corsi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"LENS\u2014European Laboratory for Non-Linear Spectroscopy of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino, 50019 Florence, Italy"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9972-1961","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Keida","family":"Kanxheri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physics and Geology, University of Perugia, 06100 Perugia, Italy"},{"name":"National Institute for Nuclear Physics of Perugia, 06123 Perugia, Italy"}]},{"given":"Stefano","family":"Lagomarsino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute for Nuclear Physics of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino, 50019 Florence, Italy"},{"name":"Laboratory of Nano-Optics, University of Siegen, 57076 Siegen, Germany"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8196-1828","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chiara","family":"Lucarelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute for Nuclear Physics of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino, 50019 Florence, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino, 50019 Florence, Italy"}]},{"given":"Arianna","family":"Morozzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute for Nuclear Physics of Perugia, 06123 Perugia, Italy"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8077-8378","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giovanni","family":"Passaleva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute for Nuclear Physics of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino, 50019 Florence, Italy"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5322-2414","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniele","family":"Passeri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute for Nuclear Physics of Perugia, 06123 Perugia, Italy"},{"name":"Engineering Department, University of Perugia, 06123 Perugia, Italy"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0570-7489","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Silvio","family":"Sciortino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute for Nuclear Physics of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino, 50019 Florence, Italy"},{"name":"National Institute of Optics-CNR of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino, 50019 Florence, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino, 50019 Florence, Italy"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1725-9185","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Leonello","family":"Servoli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute for Nuclear Physics of Perugia, 06123 Perugia, Italy"}]},{"given":"Michele","family":"Veltri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute for Nuclear Physics of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino, 50019 Florence, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Urbino, 61029 Urbino, Italy"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,11]]},"reference":[{"unstructured":"Hoeferkamp, M.R., Seidel, S., Kim, S., Metcalfe, J., Sumant, A., Kagan, H., Trischuk, W., Boscardin, M., Dalla Betta, G.-F., and Sultan, D.M.S. 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