{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,12]],"date-time":"2025-10-12T01:29:09Z","timestamp":1760232549885,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"22","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,11]],"date-time":"2022-11-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1668124800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Southwest Technology and Engineering Research Institute of China Cooperation","award":["HDHDW5901010301"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HDHDW5901010301"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) robot microwave imaging systems have attracted comprehensive attention. Compared with visible light and infrared imaging systems, microwave imaging is not susceptible to weather. Active microwave imaging systems have been realized in UAV robots. However, the scattering signals of geographical objects from satellite transmitting systems received by UAV robots to process imaging is studied rarely, which reduces the need of load weight for the UAV robot. In this paper, a multi-path scattering model of vegetation on the earth surface is proposed, and then the microwave imaging algorithm is introduced to reconstruct the images from the UAV robot receiving the scattering data based on the multi-path model. In image processing, it is assumed that the orbit altitude of a transmitter loaded on the satellite remains unchanged, and the receiver loaded UAV robot obtains the reflective information from ground vegetation with different zenith angles. The imaging results show that the angle change has an impact on the imaging resolution. The combination of electromagnetic scattering model and image processing method contributes to understanding the image results and the multi-path scattering mechanisms of vegetation, which provide a reference for the research and development of microwave imaging systems of UAV robot networking using satellite transmitting signals.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s22228736","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,14]],"date-time":"2022-11-14T04:30:52Z","timestamp":1668400252000},"page":"8736","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) Robot Microwave Imaging Based on Multi-Path Scattering Model"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Zhihua","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Southwest Technology and Engineering Research Institute, Chongqing 400039, China"},{"name":"Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xinya","family":"Qiao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Electronics and Information Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Pei","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Electronics and Information Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tiancai","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Southwest Technology and Engineering Research Institute, Chongqing 400039, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9607-4260","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tao","family":"Hong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Electronics and Information Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China"},{"name":"Yunnan Innovation Institute\u00b7BUAA, Kunming 650233, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Linquan","family":"Fang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Yunnan Innovation Institute\u00b7BUAA, Kunming 650233, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3524","DOI":"10.1109\/TII.2018.2825225","article-title":"Wireless sensor network based navigation of micro flying robots in the industrial internet of things","volume":"14","author":"Li","year":"2018","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. 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