{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,8]],"date-time":"2025-11-08T22:59:55Z","timestamp":1762642795601,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"23","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,22]],"date-time":"2022-11-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1669075200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Petroleum Technology Development Fund (PTDF) - 1671\/19"},{"name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>A study of the behavior of NB-IoT wireless communication in an industrial indoor environment was conducted in this paper. With Wireless Insite software, a scenario in the industrial sector was simulated and modeled. Our research examined how this scenario or environment affected the communication parameters of NB-IoT\u2019s physical layer. In this context, throughput levels among terminals as well as between terminals and transceiver towers, the power received at signal destination points, signal-to-noise ratios (SNRs) in the environment, and distances between terminals and transceivers are considered. These simulated results are also compared with the calculated or theoretical values of these parameters. The results show the effect of the industrial setting on wireless communication. The differences between the theoretical and simulated values are also established.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s22239039","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,22]],"date-time":"2022-11-22T08:29:58Z","timestamp":1669105798000},"page":"9039","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Towards the Digital Twin (DT) of Narrow-Band Internet of Things (NBIoT) Wireless Communication in Industrial Indoor Environment"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"22","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7934-7941","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Muhammad","family":"Dangana","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"James Watt School of Engineering, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2071-0264","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shuja","family":"Ansari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"James Watt School of Engineering, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5895-6959","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Syed Muhammad","family":"Asad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"James Watt School of Engineering, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK"},{"name":"Transport for London (TfL) Head-Quarter, 14 Pier Walk, Greenwich Peninsula, London SE10 0ES, UK"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1802-9728","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sajjad","family":"Hussain","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"James Watt School of Engineering, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4743-9136","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Muhammad Ali","family":"Imran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"James Watt School of Engineering, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,22]]},"reference":[{"doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dangana, M., Ansari, S., Abbasi, Q.H., Hussain, S., and Imran, M.A. (2021). 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