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BDS-2 satellites. The experiments used the single-frequency PPP (precise point positioning) method. The experiment validated a modified version of the group and phase ionospheric correction (GRAPHIC) technique. The results demonstrate that, with a single frequency, 18 selected stations may provide positioning results accurate to within a few decimeters. The positioning accuracy of five frequencies signals is improved by 40.4%, 32.2%, 80.3%, 12.4%, and 10.3% when compared to the positioning accuracy of the same signals when using the general observation approach. Currently, the frequency stability may be as precise as dual frequencies with BDS.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s22239059","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,23]],"date-time":"2022-11-23T03:48:12Z","timestamp":1669175292000},"page":"9059","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["A Modified Single-Frequency PPP Method for the Positioning and Time Transfer with BDS-3"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"22","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4289-3252","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mingjun","family":"Ouyang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China"}]},{"given":"Xiangwei","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China"}]},{"given":"Junzhi","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China"}]},{"given":"Yang","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1002\/navi.291","article-title":"Introduction to BeiDou-3 navigation satellite system","volume":"66","author":"Yang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Navigation"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1007\/s00190-018-1144-0","article-title":"Precise orbit determination for BDS3 experimental satellites using iGMAS and MGEX tracking networks","volume":"93","author":"Li","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. 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