{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,23]],"date-time":"2026-04-23T10:49:01Z","timestamp":1776941341224,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"23","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,23]],"date-time":"2022-11-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1669161600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000057","name":"Stony Brook University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01GM112693"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01GM112693"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000057","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000057","name":"Stony Brook University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01 EY033346"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01 EY033346"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000057","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000053","name":"NIH-NEI","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01GM112693"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01GM112693"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000053","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000053","name":"NIH-NEI","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01 EY033346"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01 EY033346"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000053","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Renaissance School of Medicine, Stony Brook University","award":["R01GM112693"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01GM112693"]}]},{"name":"Renaissance School of Medicine, Stony Brook University","award":["R01 EY033346"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01 EY033346"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The endothelial layer of the cornea plays a critical role in regulating its hydration by actively controlling fluid intake in the tissue via transporting the excess fluid out to the aqueous humor. A damaged corneal endothelial layer leads to perturbations in tissue hydration and edema, which can impact corneal transparency and visual acuity. We utilized a non-contact terahertz (THz) scanner designed for imaging spherical targets to discriminate between ex vivo corneal samples with intact and damaged endothelial layers. To create varying grades of corneal edema, the intraocular pressures of the whole porcine eye globe samples (n = 19) were increased to either 25, 35 or 45 mmHg for 4 h before returning to normal pressure levels at 15 mmHg for the remaining 4 h. Changes in tissue hydration were assessed by differences in spectral slopes between 0.4 and 0.8 THz. Our results indicate that the THz response of the corneal samples can vary according to the differences in the endothelial cell density, as determined by SEM imaging. We show that this spectroscopic difference is statistically significant and can be used to assess the intactness of the endothelial layer. These results demonstrate that THz can noninvasively assess the corneal endothelium and provide valuable complimentary information for the study and diagnosis of corneal diseases that perturb the tissue hydration.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s22239071","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,23]],"date-time":"2022-11-23T03:48:12Z","timestamp":1669175292000},"page":"9071","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Assessing Corneal Endothelial Damage Using Terahertz Time-Domain Spectroscopy and Support Vector Machines"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Andrew","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, Stony Brook University, 100 Nicolls Rd, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6557-6225","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zachery B.","family":"Harris","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, Stony Brook University, 100 Nicolls Rd, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Arjun","family":"Virk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, Stony Brook University, 100 Nicolls Rd, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Azin","family":"Abazari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Renaissance School of Medicine, 101 Nicolls Rd, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2453-2741","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kulandaiappan","family":"Varadaraj","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Renaissance School of Medicine, 101 Nicolls Rd, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Robert","family":"Honkanen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Renaissance School of Medicine, 101 Nicolls Rd, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6565-3358","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohammad Hassan","family":"Arbab","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, Stony Brook University, 100 Nicolls Rd, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"477","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.1965.00970040479008","article-title":"Corneal edema and intraocular pressure. 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