{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,30]],"date-time":"2026-06-30T10:45:08Z","timestamp":1782816308195,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"23","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,23]],"date-time":"2022-11-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1669161600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"KFW project No. 51235 (PE 479\u2014Higher Education)","award":["MBZ\/201166305"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MBZ\/201166305"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Improper cycling posture is linked to a variety of spinal musculoskeletal diseases, including structural malformation of the spine and back discomfort. This paper presents a novel smart shirt integrated tri-axial gyroscope and accelerometer that can detect postural variation in terms of spinal curvature changes. To provide accurate feedback to the wearer and improve the wearer\u2019s correct movement, the garment is able to recognize trunk body posture. The gyroscope\/accelerometer was placed around the upper and mid trunk of the user to record tri-axial angular velocity data. The device can also be used to help determine the trunk bending angle and monitor body postures in order to improve optimal orientation and position. The garment enables continuous measurement in the field at high sample rates (50 Hz), and the sensor has a large measurement range (16 g, 2000\u00b0\/s). As electronic components are non-washable, instead of encapsulating them, a detachable module was created. In this, magnets are embedded in the jersey, and allow the positioning and removal of the sensor. The test results show that the average trunk-bending angle was 21.5\u00b0, and 99 percent of the observed angle fell within the standard (ranging from 8\u00b0 to 35\u00b0). The findings demonstrate the feasibility of employing the smart shirt sensor to estimate trunk motions in the field on a regular basis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s22239090","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,24]],"date-time":"2022-11-24T03:58:16Z","timestamp":1669262296000},"page":"9090","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Smart Shirt for Measuring Trunk Orientation"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"22","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4828-1764","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Abdella Ahmmed","family":"Simegnaw","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Textile Science, Engineering Department of Materials, Textiles and Chemical Engineering, Ghent University, 9000 Gent, Belgium"},{"name":"Ethiopian Institute of Textile and Fashion Technology, Bahir Dar University, P.O. Box 1037, Bahir Dar 6000, Ethiopia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1530-3613","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yetanawork","family":"Teyeme","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Textile Science, Engineering Department of Materials, Textiles and Chemical Engineering, Ghent University, 9000 Gent, Belgium"},{"name":"Ethiopian Institute of Textile and Fashion Technology, Bahir Dar University, P.O. Box 1037, Bahir Dar 6000, Ethiopia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8383-8068","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Benny","family":"Malengier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Textile Science, Engineering Department of Materials, Textiles and Chemical Engineering, Ghent University, 9000 Gent, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6239-7707","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tamrat","family":"Tesfaye","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ethiopian Institute of Textile and Fashion Technology, Bahir Dar University, P.O. Box 1037, Bahir Dar 6000, Ethiopia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hundessa","family":"Daba","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Technology, School of Biomedical Engineering, Jimma University, Jimma P.O. Box 378, Ethiopia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kaledawit","family":"Esmelealem","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bahir Dar Institute of Technology, Faculty of Computing, Computer Science, Bahir Dar University, P.O. Box 26, Bahir Dar 6000, Ethiopia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lieva Van","family":"Langenhove","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Textile Science, Engineering Department of Materials, Textiles and Chemical Engineering, Ghent University, 9000 Gent, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Simegnaw, A.A., Malengier, B., Rotich, G., Tadesse, M.G., and Van Langenhove, L. (2021). Review on the integration of microelectronics for e-textile. 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