{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,12]],"date-time":"2025-10-12T01:34:07Z","timestamp":1760232847698,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"23","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,25]],"date-time":"2022-11-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1669334400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation","award":["075-15-2020-933"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["075-15-2020-933"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The human central nervous system is the integrative basis for the functioning of the organism. The basis of such integration is provided by the fact that the same neurons are involved in various sets of sensory, cognitive, and motor functions. Therefore, the analysis of one set of integrative system components makes it possible to draw conclusions about the state and efficiency of the other components. Thus, to evaluate a person\u2019s cognitive properties, we can assess their involuntary motor acts, i.e., a person\u2019s subsensory reactions. To measure the parameters of involuntary motor acts, we have developed a strain gauge measuring system. This system provides measurement and estimation of the parameters of involuntary movements against the background of voluntary isometric efforts. The article presents the architecture of the system and shows the organization of the primary signal processing in analog form, in particular the separation of the signal taken from the strain-gauge sensor into frequency and smoothly varying components by averaging and subtracting the analog signals. This transfer to analog form simplifies the implementation of the digital part of the measuring system and allowed for minimizing the response time of the system while displaying the isometric forces in the visual feedback channel. The article describes the realization of the system elements and shows the results of its experimental research.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s22239146","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,25]],"date-time":"2022-11-25T04:05:39Z","timestamp":1669349139000},"page":"9146","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Strain Gauge Measuring System for Subsensory Micromotions Analysis as an Element of a Hybrid Human\u2013Machine Interface"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Olga","family":"Bureneva","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Saint Petersburg Electrotechnical University \u201cLETI\u201d, 197022 Saint Petersburg, Russia"}]},{"given":"Nikolay","family":"Safyannikov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Saint Petersburg Electrotechnical University \u201cLETI\u201d, 197022 Saint Petersburg, Russia"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1219","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2018.01.044","article-title":"An Integrative Framework for Sensory, Motor, and Cognitive Functions of the Posterior Parietal Cortex","volume":"97","author":"Freedman","year":"2018","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e76051","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.76051","article-title":"Cognitive experience alters cortical involvement in goal-directed navigation","volume":"11","author":"Arlt","year":"2022","journal-title":"eLife"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"703","DOI":"10.1007\/s00221-021-06299-y","article-title":"Effect of cognitive task complexity on dual task postural stability: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"240","author":"Salihu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Exp. 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