{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,18]],"date-time":"2026-03-18T22:21:29Z","timestamp":1773872489160,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":69,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"23","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,25]],"date-time":"2022-11-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1669334400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Fonds voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek (FWO), Belgium","award":["K205820N (2019)"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["K205820N (2019)"]}]},{"name":"Fonds voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek (FWO), Belgium","award":["K201618N (2017)"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["K201618N (2017)"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Real time radioluminescence fibre-based detectors were investigated for application in proton, helium, and carbon therapy dosimetry. The Al2O3:C probes are made of one single crystal (1 mm) and two droplets of micro powder in two sizes (38 \u03bcm and 4 \u03bcm) mixed with a water-equivalent binder. The fibres were irradiated behind different thicknesses of solid slabs, and the Bragg curves presented a quenching effect attributed to the nonlinear response of the radioluminescence (RL) signal as a function of linear energy transfer (LET). Experimental data and Monte Carlo simulations were utilised to acquire a quenching correction method, adapted from Birks\u2019 formulation, to restore the linear dose\u2013response for particle therapy beams. The method for quenching correction was applied and yielded the best results for the \u20184 \u03bcm\u2019 optical fibre probe, with an agreement at the Bragg peak of 1.4% (160 MeV), and 1.5% (230 MeV) for proton-charged particles; 2.4% (150 MeV\/u) for helium-charged particles and of 4.8% (290 MeV\/u) and 2.9% (400 MeV\/u) for the carbon-charged particles. The most substantial deviations for the \u20184 \u03bcm\u2019 optical fibre probe were found at the falloff regions, with ~3% (protons), ~5% (helium) and 6% (carbon).<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s22239178","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,28]],"date-time":"2022-11-28T08:13:09Z","timestamp":1669623189000},"page":"9178","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Characterisation and Quenching Correction for an Al2O3:C Optical Fibre Real Time System in Therapeutic Proton, Helium, and Carbon-Charged Beams"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"22","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1243-9796","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luana","family":"de Freitas Nascimento","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Belgian Nuclear Research Centre, SCK CEN, 2400 Mol, Belgium"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4576-1623","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paul","family":"Leblans","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Agfa NV, 2640 Mortsel, Belgium"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8412-6417","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Brent","family":"van der Heyden","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Belgian Nuclear Research Centre, SCK CEN, 2400 Mol, Belgium"}]},{"given":"Mark","family":"Akselrod","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Landauer, Stillwater Crystal Growth Division, Stillwater, OK 74074, USA"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2149-6987","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jo","family":"Goossens","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, 2610 Antwerp, Belgium"},{"name":"Iridium Netwerk, University of Antwerp, 2610 Antwerp, Belgium"}]},{"given":"Luis Enrique","family":"Correa Rocha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Economics, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium"},{"name":"Department of Physics and Astronomy, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium"}]},{"given":"Ana","family":"Vaniqui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Belgian Nuclear Research Centre, SCK CEN, 2400 Mol, Belgium"}]},{"given":"Dirk","family":"Verellen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, 2610 Antwerp, Belgium"},{"name":"Iridium Netwerk, University of Antwerp, 2610 Antwerp, Belgium"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1140\/epjp\/i2011-11070-4","article-title":"Present challenges in hadrontherapy techniques","volume":"126","author":"Amaldi","year":"2011","journal-title":"Eur. 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