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susceptible to intrusion by outsider speakers or playback attacks. In order to address this security issue, a millimeter-wave radar-based voice security authentication system is proposed in this paper. First, the speaker\u2019s fine-grained vocal cord vibration signal is extracted by eliminating static object clutter and motion effects; second, the weighted Mel Frequency Cepstrum Coefficients (MFCCs) are obtained as biometric features; and finally, text-independent security authentication is performed by the WMHS (Weighted MFCCs and Hog-based SVM) method. This system is highly adaptable and can authenticate designated speakers, resist intrusion by other unspecified speakers as well as playback attacks, and is secure for smart devices. Extensive experiments have verified that the system achieves a 93.4% speaker verification accuracy and a 5.8% miss detection rate for playback attacks.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s22239309","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,30]],"date-time":"2022-11-30T08:46:41Z","timestamp":1669798001000},"page":"9309","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["mmSafe: A Voice Security Verification System Based on Millimeter-Wave Radar"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"22","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9740-0988","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zhanjun","family":"Hao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Computer Science and Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, China"},{"name":"Gansu Province Internet of Things Engineering Research Centre, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jianxiang","family":"Peng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Computer Science and Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xiaochao","family":"Dang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Computer Science and Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, China"},{"name":"Gansu Province Internet of Things Engineering Research Centre, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hao","family":"Yan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Computer Science and Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ruidong","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Computer Science and Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"141","article-title":"Language ability evaluation of \u201cMi AI\u201d intelligent speech system","volume":"6","author":"Li","year":"2021","journal-title":"Chin. 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