{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T20:31:19Z","timestamp":1777494679670,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"23","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,1]],"date-time":"2022-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1669852800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"neurology team of the Hospital Vega Baja","award":["ACIF\/2019\/058"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ACIF\/2019\/058"]}]},{"name":"neurology team of the Hospital Vega Baja","award":["FDGENT\/2018\/015"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FDGENT\/2018\/015"]}]},{"name":"Conselleria de Innovaci\u00f3n, Universidades, Ciencia y Sociedad Digital and European Social Fund through the ACIF predoctoral program","award":["ACIF\/2019\/058"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ACIF\/2019\/058"]}]},{"name":"Conselleria de Innovaci\u00f3n, Universidades, Ciencia y Sociedad Digital and European Social Fund through the ACIF predoctoral program","award":["FDGENT\/2018\/015"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FDGENT\/2018\/015"]}]},{"name":"Conselleria d\u2019Educaci \u0301o, Investigacio \u0301, Cultura i Esport (GVA)","award":["ACIF\/2019\/058"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ACIF\/2019\/058"]}]},{"name":"Conselleria d\u2019Educaci \u0301o, Investigacio \u0301, Cultura i Esport (GVA)","award":["FDGENT\/2018\/015"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FDGENT\/2018\/015"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Epileptic seizures have a great impact on the quality of life of people who suffer from them and further limit their independence. For this reason, a device that would be able to monitor patients\u2019 health status and warn them for a possible epileptic seizure would improve their quality of life. With this aim, this article proposes the first seizure predictive model based on Ear EEG, ECG and PPG signals obtained by means of a device that can be used in a static and outpatient setting. This device has been tested with epileptic people in a clinical environment. By processing these data and using supervised machine learning techniques, different predictive models capable of classifying the state of the epileptic person into normal, pre-seizure and seizure have been developed. Subsequently, a reduced model based on Boosted Trees has been validated, obtaining a prediction accuracy of 91.5% and a sensitivity of 85.4%. Thus, based on the accuracy of the predictive model obtained, it can potentially serve as a support tool to determine the status epilepticus and prevent a seizure, thereby improving the quality of life of these people.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s22239372","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,1]],"date-time":"2022-12-01T05:30:46Z","timestamp":1669872646000},"page":"9372","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":49,"title":["Wearable Epileptic Seizure Prediction System Based on Machine Learning Techniques Using ECG, PPG and EEG Signals"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"22","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0531-575X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"David","family":"Zambrana-Vinaroz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Neuroengineering Biomedical Research Group, Miguel Hern\u00e1ndez University of Elche, 03202 Elche, Spain"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7902-1979","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jose Maria","family":"Vicente-Samper","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neuroengineering Biomedical Research Group, Miguel Hern\u00e1ndez University of Elche, 03202 Elche, Spain"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0684-8534","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Juliana","family":"Manrique-Cordoba","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neuroengineering Biomedical Research Group, Miguel Hern\u00e1ndez University of Elche, 03202 Elche, Spain"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3890-6225","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jose Maria","family":"Sabater-Navarro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neuroengineering Biomedical Research Group, Miguel Hern\u00e1ndez University of Elche, 03202 Elche, Spain"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"(2022, June 30). 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