{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,10]],"date-time":"2026-07-10T21:35:18Z","timestamp":1783719318764,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"23","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,2]],"date-time":"2022-12-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1669939200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Coordination for the Improvement of Higher Education Personnel (CAPES)","award":["001(Capes\/PROEX\/AUXPE 515\/2017)"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["001(Capes\/PROEX\/AUXPE 515\/2017)"]}]},{"name":"CNPq Agency, Brazil","award":["001(Capes\/PROEX\/AUXPE 515\/2017)"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["001(Capes\/PROEX\/AUXPE 515\/2017)"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Fault detection and classification are crucial procedures for electric power distribution systems because they can minimize the occurrence of faults. The methods for fault detection and classification have become more problematic because of the significant expansion of distributed energy resources in distribution systems and the change in their currents due to the action of short-circuiting. In this context, to fill this gap, this study presents a robust methodology for short-circuit fault detection and classification with the insertion of distributed generation units. The proposal methodology progresses in two stages: in the former stage, the detection is based on the continuous analysis of three-phase currents, whose characteristics are extracted through maximal overlap discrete wavelet transform. In the latter stage, the classification is based on three fuzzy inference systems to identify the phases with disturbance. The short-circuit type is identified by counting the shorted phases. The algorithm for short-circuit fault detection and classification is developed in MATLAB programming environment. The methodology is implemented in a modified IEEE 34-bus test system and modeled in ATPDraw with three scenarios with and without distributed generation units and considering the following parameters: fault type (single-phase, two-phase, and three-phase), angle of incidence, fault resistance (high impedance fault and low impedance fault), fault location bus, and distributed generation units (synchronous generators and photovoltaic panels). The accuracy is greater than 94.9% for the detection and classification of short-circuit faults for more than 20,000 simulated cases.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s22239418","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,5]],"date-time":"2022-12-05T08:10:57Z","timestamp":1670227857000},"page":"9418","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Efficient Methodology for Detection and Classification of Short-Circuit Faults in Distribution Systems with Distributed Generation"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Andr\u00e9ia da Silva","family":"Santos","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical Engineering, S\u00e3o Paulo State University (UNESP), Ilha Solteira 15385-000, SP, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4785-3142","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lucas Teles","family":"Faria","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Energy Engineering, S\u00e3o Paulo State University (UNESP), Rosana 19273-000, SP, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mara L\u00facia M.","family":"Lopes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical Engineering, S\u00e3o Paulo State University (UNESP), Ilha Solteira 15385-000, SP, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0192-2651","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anna Diva P.","family":"Lotufo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical Engineering, S\u00e3o Paulo State University (UNESP), Ilha Solteira 15385-000, SP, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7540-6572","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carlos R.","family":"Minussi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical Engineering, S\u00e3o Paulo State University (UNESP), Ilha Solteira 15385-000, SP, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"949","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rser.2017.03.021","article-title":"Fault Location and Detection Techniques in Power Distribution Systems with Distributed Generation: A Review","volume":"74","author":"Gururajapathy","year":"2017","journal-title":"Renew. 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