{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,19]],"date-time":"2026-01-19T14:40:32Z","timestamp":1768833632245,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"23","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,2]],"date-time":"2022-12-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1669939200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["42174218"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["42174218"]}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["41874210"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["41874210"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Ultrasonic imaging logging can visually identify the location, shape, dip angle and orientation of fractures and holes. The method has not been effectively applied in the field; one of the prime reasons is that the results of physical simulation experiments are insufficient. The physical simulation of fracture and hole response in the laboratory can provide a reference for the identification and evaluation of the underground geological structure. In this work, ultrasonic scanning experiments are conducted on a grooved sandstone plate and a simulated borehole and the influence of different fractures and holes on ultrasonic pulse echo is studied. Experimental results show that the combination of ultrasonic echo amplitude imaging and arrival time imaging can be used to identify the fracture location, width, depth and orientation, along with accurately calculating the fracture dip angle. The evaluated fracture parameters are similar to those in the physical simulation model. The identification accuracy of the ultrasonic measurement is related to the diameter of the radiation beam of the ultrasonic transducer. A single fracture with width larger than or equal to the radiation beam diameter of the ultrasonic transducer and multiple fractures with spacing longer than or equal to the radiation beam diameter can be effectively identified.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s22239422","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,5]],"date-time":"2022-12-05T08:10:57Z","timestamp":1670227857000},"page":"9422","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Physical Simulation of Ultrasonic Imaging Logging Response"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Junqiang","family":"Lu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Resources and Prospecting, China University of Petroleum (Beijing), Beijing 102249, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Earth Prospecting and Information Technology, Beijing 102249, China"}]},{"given":"Jiyong","family":"Han","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Resources and Prospecting, China University of Petroleum (Beijing), Beijing 102249, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Earth Prospecting and Information Technology, Beijing 102249, China"}]},{"given":"Jinping","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"SINOPEC Engineering Technology Research Institute, Beijing 102200, China"}]},{"given":"Xiaohua","family":"Che","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Resources and Prospecting, China University of Petroleum (Beijing), Beijing 102249, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Earth Prospecting and Information Technology, Beijing 102249, China"}]},{"given":"Wenxiao","family":"Qiao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Resources and Prospecting, China University of Petroleum (Beijing), Beijing 102249, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Earth Prospecting and Information Technology, Beijing 102249, China"}]},{"given":"Jiale","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Resources and Prospecting, China University of Petroleum (Beijing), Beijing 102249, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Earth Prospecting and Information Technology, Beijing 102249, China"}]},{"given":"Xu","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Resources and Prospecting, China University of Petroleum (Beijing), Beijing 102249, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Earth Prospecting and Information Technology, Beijing 102249, China"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"1263","article-title":"Fracture identification and evaluation of multi-pole acoustic logging","volume":"41","author":"Che","year":"2020","journal-title":"Oil Gas Geol."},{"key":"ref_2","unstructured":"Zhang, C., Jiang, W., and Pan, H. 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