{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,20]],"date-time":"2026-05-20T21:26:06Z","timestamp":1779312366065,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"23","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,3]],"date-time":"2022-12-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1670025600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"European Union\u2019s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program","award":["957769"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["957769"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The usual operation of a microgrid (MG) may often be challenged by emergencies related to extreme weather conditions and technical issues. As a result, the operator often needs to adapt the MG\u2019s management by either: (i) excluding disconnected components, (ii) switching to islanded mode or (iii) performing a black start, which is required in case of a blackout, followed by either direct reconnection to the main grid or islanded operation. The purpose of this paper is to present an optimal Decision Support System (DSS) that assists the MG\u2019s operator in all the main possible sorts of emergencies, thus providing an inclusive solution. The objective of the optimizer, developed in Pyomo, is to maximize the autonomy of the MG, prioritizing its renewable production. Therefore, the DSS is in line with the purpose of the ongoing energy transition. Furthermore, it is capable of taking into account multiple sorts of Distributed Energy Resources (DER), including Renewable Energy Sources (RES), Battery Energy Storage Systems (BESS)\u2014which can only be charged with renewable energy\u2014and local, fuel-based generators. The proposed DSS is applied in a number of emergencies considering grid-forming and grid-following mode, in order to highlight its effectiveness and is verified with the use of PowerFactory, DIgSILENT.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s22239457","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,5]],"date-time":"2022-12-05T08:10:57Z","timestamp":1670227857000},"page":"9457","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Decision Support System for Emergencies in Microgrids"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"22","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7064-9145","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria","family":"Fotopoulou","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Research and Technology Hellas, Chemical Process and Energy Resources Institute, 52 Egialias Str., GR-15125 Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4948-4862","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dimitrios","family":"Rakopoulos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Research and Technology Hellas, Chemical Process and Energy Resources Institute, 52 Egialias Str., GR-15125 Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7314-2286","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stefanos","family":"Petridis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Research and Technology Hellas, Chemical Process and Energy Resources Institute, 52 Egialias Str., GR-15125 Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"258","DOI":"10.1049\/iet-rpg.2010.0052","article-title":"Smart Energy Management System for Optimal Microgrid Economic Operation","volume":"5","author":"Chen","year":"2011","journal-title":"IET Renew. 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