{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,12]],"date-time":"2025-10-12T01:35:12Z","timestamp":1760232912594,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":16,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"23","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,4]],"date-time":"2022-12-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1670112000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC)","award":["62275187","61875145","11804243","20168765","2021135"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["62275187","61875145","11804243","20168765","2021135"]}]},{"name":"Jiangsu Province Key Discipline of China\u2019s 13th five-year plan and 14th five-year plan","award":["62275187","61875145","11804243","20168765","2021135"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["62275187","61875145","11804243","20168765","2021135"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>In pursuit of high imaging quality, optical sparse aperture systems must correct piston errors quickly within a small range. In this paper, we modified the existing deep-learning piston detection method for the Golay-6 array, by using a more powerful single convolutional neural network based on ResNet-34 for feature extraction; another fully connected layer was added, on the basis of this network, to obtain the best results. The Double-defocused Sharpness Metric (DSM) was selected first, as a feature vector to enhance the model performance; the average RMSE of the five sub-apertures for valid detection in our study was only 0.015\u03bb (9 nm). This modified method has higher detecting precision, and requires fewer training datasets with less training time. Compared to the conventional approach, this technique is more suitable for the piston sensing of complex configurations.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s22239484","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,5]],"date-time":"2022-12-05T08:10:57Z","timestamp":1670227857000},"page":"9484","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Piston Sensing for Golay-6 Sparse Aperture System with Double-Defocused Sharpness Metrics via ResNet-34"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Senmiao","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano Heat Fluid Flow Technology and Energy Application, School of Physical Science and Technology, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, China"},{"name":"Soochow Mason Optics Co., Ltd. of Graduate Workstation in Jiangsu Province, Suzhou 215028, China"},{"name":"Suzhou Dechuang Measurement & Control Technology Co., Ltd. of Graduate Workstation in Jiangsu Province, Suzhou 215128, China"},{"name":"Zhangjiagang Optical Instrument Co., Ltd. of Graduate Workstation in Jiangsu Province, Suzhou 215006, China"}]},{"given":"Quanying","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano Heat Fluid Flow Technology and Energy Application, School of Physical Science and Technology, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, China"}]},{"given":"Junliu","family":"Fan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano Heat Fluid Flow Technology and Energy Application, School of Physical Science and Technology, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, China"},{"name":"Currently School of Electronic and Optical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China"}]},{"given":"Baohua","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano Heat Fluid Flow Technology and Energy Application, School of Physical Science and Technology, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, China"},{"name":"Suzhou Mason Optical Co., Ltd., Suzhou 215028, China"}]},{"given":"Xiaoyi","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Suzhou Mason Optical Co., Ltd., Suzhou 215028, China"}]},{"given":"Lei","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Currently School of Electronic and Optical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China"}]},{"given":"Donghui","family":"Shen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Suzhou Dechuang Measurement & Control Technology Co., Ltd. of Graduate Workstation in Jiangsu Province, Suzhou 215128, China"}]},{"given":"Lidong","family":"Yin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Zhangjiagang Optical Instrument Co., Ltd. of Graduate Workstation in Jiangsu Province, Suzhou 215006, China"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Clampin, M. 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[Master\u2019s Thesis, Northwestern Polytechnical University]."}],"container-title":["Sensors"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1424-8220\/22\/23\/9484\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T01:33:57Z","timestamp":1760146437000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1424-8220\/22\/23\/9484"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,4]]},"references-count":16,"journal-issue":{"issue":"23","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,12]]}},"alternative-id":["s22239484"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/s22239484","relation":{},"ISSN":["1424-8220"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"1424-8220"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,4]]}}}