{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,3]],"date-time":"2026-04-03T07:44:26Z","timestamp":1775202266480,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"23","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,5]],"date-time":"2022-12-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1670198400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"EIAS Data Science and Blockchain Lab, College of Computer and Information Sciences, Prince Sultan University, Riyadh Saudi Arabia"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Metaheuristic algorithms are effectively used in searching some optical solution space. for optical solution. It is basically the type of local search generalization that can provide useful solutions for issues related to optimization. Several benefits are associated with this type of algorithms due to that such algorithms can be better to solve many issues in an effective way. To provide fast and accurate solutions to huge range of complex issues is one main benefit metaheuristic algorithms. Some metaheuristic algorithms are effectively used to classify the problems and BAT Algorithm (BA) is one of them is more popular in use to sort out issues related to optimization of theoretical and realistic. Sometimes BA fails to find global optima and gets stuck in local optima because of the absence of investigation and manipulation. We have improved the BA to boost its local searching ability and diminish the premature problem. An improved equation of search with more necessary information through the search is set for the generation of the solution. Test set of benchmark functions are utilized to verify the proposed method\u2019s performance. The results of simulation showed that proposed methods are best optimal solution as compare to others.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s22239513","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,6]],"date-time":"2022-12-06T02:23:42Z","timestamp":1670293422000},"page":"9513","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Improving Convergence Speed of Bat Algorithm Using Multiple Pulse Emissions along Multiple Directions"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Waqar","family":"Younas","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Science and Software Engineering, International Islamic University Islamabad, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9691-7347","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gauhar","family":"Ali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"EIAS Data Science and Blockchain Lab, College of Computer and Information Sciences, Prince Sultan University, Riyadh 11586, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Naveed","family":"Ahmad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"EIAS Data Science and Blockchain Lab, College of Computer and Information Sciences, Prince Sultan University, Riyadh 11586, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4576-8585","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Qamar","family":"Abbas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Science and Software Engineering, International Islamic University Islamabad, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Muhammad Talha","family":"Masood","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Science and Software Engineering, International Islamic University Islamabad, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Asim","family":"Munir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Science and Software Engineering, International Islamic University Islamabad, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9349-1985","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohammed","family":"ElAffendi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"EIAS Data Science and Blockchain Lab, College of Computer and Information Sciences, Prince Sultan University, Riyadh 11586, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2015.08.050","article-title":"An improved global feature selection scheme for text classification","volume":"43","author":"Uysal","year":"2016","journal-title":"Expert Syst. 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