{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,30]],"date-time":"2026-06-30T06:36:50Z","timestamp":1782801410467,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"24","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,19]],"date-time":"2022-12-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1671408000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"VALERE Program of the University of Campania \u201cLuigi Vanvitelli\u201d","award":["1062 2021"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1062 2021"]}]},{"name":"VALERE Program of the University of Campania \u201cLuigi Vanvitelli\u201d","award":["40-G-15185-5"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["40-G-15185-5"]}]},{"name":"EU-ENI CBC MED TRANSDAIRY Project","award":["1062 2021"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1062 2021"]}]},{"name":"EU-ENI CBC MED TRANSDAIRY Project","award":["40-G-15185-5"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["40-G-15185-5"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003407","name":"Italian Ministry of the University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1062 2021"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1062 2021"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003407","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003407","name":"Italian Ministry of the University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["40-G-15185-5"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["40-G-15185-5"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003407","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The combination of non-specific deformable nanogels and plasmonic optical probes provides an innovative solution for specific sensing using a generalistic recognition layer. Soft polyacrylamide nanogels that lack specific selectivity but are characterized by responsive behavior, i.e., shrinking and swelling dependent on the surrounding environment, were grafted to a gold plasmonic D-shaped plastic optical fiber (POF) probe. The nanogel\u2013POF cyclically challenged with water or alcoholic solutions optically reported the reversible solvent-to-phase transitions of the nanomaterial, embodying a primary optical switch. Additionally, the non-specific nanogel\u2013POF interface exhibited more degrees of freedom through which specific sensing was enabled. The real-time monitoring of the refractive index variations due to the time-related volume-to-phase transition effects of the nanogels enabled us to determine the environment\u2019s characteristics and broadly classify solvents. Hence the nanogel\u2013POF interface was a descriptor of mathematical functions for substance identification and classification processes. These results epitomize the concept of responsive non-specific nanomaterials to perform a multiparametric description of the environment, offering a specific set of features for the processing stage and particularly suitable for machine and deep learning. Thus, soft MathMaterial interfaces provide the ground to devise devices suitable for the next generation of smart intelligent sensing processes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s222410006","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,19]],"date-time":"2022-12-19T05:25:46Z","timestamp":1671427546000},"page":"10006","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Non-Specific Responsive Nanogels and Plasmonics to Design MathMaterial Sensing Interfaces: The Case of a Solvent Sensor"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"22","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7769-0984","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nunzio","family":"Cennamo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Engineering, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Via Roma 29, 81031 Aversa, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7863-743X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Francesco","family":"Arcadio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Engineering, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Via Roma 29, 81031 Aversa, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fiore","family":"Capasso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Engineering, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Via Roma 29, 81031 Aversa, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1653-861X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Devid","family":"Maniglio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Industrial Engineering, BIOtech Research Center, University of Trento, Via delle Regole 101, Mattarello, 38123 Trento, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8356-7480","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luigi","family":"Zeni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Engineering, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Via Roma 29, 81031 Aversa, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2542-8412","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alessandra Maria","family":"Bossi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, Strada Le Grazie 15, 37134 Verona, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1247","DOI":"10.1351\/pac199163091247","article-title":"Chemical Sensors: Definitions and Classification","volume":"63","author":"Hulanicki","year":"1991","journal-title":"Pure Appl. 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