{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,9]],"date-time":"2026-01-09T23:54:58Z","timestamp":1768002898022,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"24","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,7]],"date-time":"2022-12-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1670371200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"State Scholarship Funding of CSC","award":["202008320074"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["202008320074"]}]},{"name":"State Scholarship Funding of CSC","award":["BY2021268"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BY2021268"]}]},{"name":"State Scholarship Funding of CSC","award":["CZ20210033"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CZ20210033"]}]},{"name":"State Scholarship Funding of CSC","award":["22KJB580001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["22KJB580001"]}]},{"name":"Industry-University-Research Cooperation Project of Jiangsu Province","award":["202008320074"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["202008320074"]}]},{"name":"Industry-University-Research Cooperation Project of Jiangsu Province","award":["BY2021268"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BY2021268"]}]},{"name":"Industry-University-Research Cooperation Project of Jiangsu Province","award":["CZ20210033"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CZ20210033"]}]},{"name":"Industry-University-Research Cooperation Project of Jiangsu Province","award":["22KJB580001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["22KJB580001"]}]},{"name":"Science and Technology Project of Changzhou","award":["202008320074"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["202008320074"]}]},{"name":"Science and Technology Project of Changzhou","award":["BY2021268"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BY2021268"]}]},{"name":"Science and Technology Project of Changzhou","award":["CZ20210033"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CZ20210033"]}]},{"name":"Science and Technology Project of Changzhou","award":["22KJB580001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["22KJB580001"]}]},{"name":"Natural Science Foundation of the Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions of China","award":["202008320074"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["202008320074"]}]},{"name":"Natural Science Foundation of the Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions of China","award":["BY2021268"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BY2021268"]}]},{"name":"Natural Science Foundation of the Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions of China","award":["CZ20210033"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CZ20210033"]}]},{"name":"Natural Science Foundation of the Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions of China","award":["22KJB580001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["22KJB580001"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Energy management strategies are vitally important to give full play to the energy-saving of the four-wheel drive electric vehicle (4WD EV). The cooperative output of multi-power components is involved in the process of driving and braking energy recovery of 4WD EV. This paper proposes a novel energy management strategy of dual equivalent consumption minimization strategy (D-ECMS) to improve the economy of the vehicle. According to the different driving and braking states of the vehicle, D-ECMS can realize the proportional control of the energy cooperative output among the multi-power components. Under the premise of satisfying the dynamic performance of the vehicle, the operating points of the power components are distributed more in the high-efficiency range, and the economy and driving range of the vehicle are optimized. In order to achieve the effectiveness of D-ECMS, MATLAB\/Simulink is used to realize the simulation of the vehicle. Compared with the rule-based strategy, the economy of D-ECMS increased by 4.35%.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s22249597","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,8]],"date-time":"2022-12-08T03:35:53Z","timestamp":1670470553000},"page":"9597","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["A Dual Distribution Control Method for Multi-Power Components Energy Output of 4WD Electric Vehicles"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Zhiqi","family":"Guo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Automotive Simulation and Control, Jilin University, No. 5988, Renmin Street, Nanguan District, Changchun 130022, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Liang","family":"Chu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Automotive Simulation and Control, Jilin University, No. 5988, Renmin Street, Nanguan District, Changchun 130022, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zhuoran","family":"Hou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Automotive Simulation and Control, Jilin University, No. 5988, Renmin Street, Nanguan District, Changchun 130022, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3234-9787","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yinhang","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Automotive Simulation and Control, Jilin University, No. 5988, Renmin Street, Nanguan District, Changchun 130022, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jincheng","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Aeronautical and Automotive Engineering, Loughborough University, Leicestershire LE11 3TU, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1501-3771","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wen","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Changzhou Institute of Technology, College of Automotive Engineering, Changzhou 213028, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Discussion on development trend of battery electric vehicles in China and its energy supply mode","volume":"33","author":"Zhang","year":"2009","journal-title":"Power Syst. 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