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In this paper, we review current developments in the near-IR and mid-IR group IV photonic modulators that show promising performance. We analyse recent trends in optical and electrical co-integration of modulators and drivers enabling modulation data rates of 112 GBaud in the near infrared. We then describe new developments in short wave infrared spectrum modulators such as employing more spectrally efficient PAM-4 coding schemes for modulations up to 40 GBaud. Finally, we review recent results at the mid infrared spectrum and application of the thermo-optic effect for modulation as well as the emergence of new platforms based on germanium to tackle the challenges of modulating light in the long wave infrared spectrum up to 10.7 \u03bcm with data rates of 225 MBaud.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s22249620","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,9]],"date-time":"2022-12-09T03:59:46Z","timestamp":1670558386000},"page":"9620","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Near-IR &amp; Mid-IR Silicon Photonics Modulators"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"22","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7104-5060","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Georgi V.","family":"Georgiev","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Optoelectronics Research Centre, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1431-7060","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wei","family":"Cao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Optoelectronics Research Centre, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1086-5775","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Weiwei","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Optoelectronics Research Centre, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Li","family":"Ke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Optoelectronics Research Centre, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1838-2663","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"David J.","family":"Thomson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Optoelectronics Research Centre, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Graham T.","family":"Reed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Optoelectronics Research Centre, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9170-7911","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Milos","family":"Nedeljkovic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Optoelectronics Research Centre, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2954-5138","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Goran Z.","family":"Mashanovich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Optoelectronics Research Centre, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"615","DOI":"10.1038\/nature02310","article-title":"A high-speed silicon optical modulator based on a metal-oxide-semiconductor capacitor","volume":"427","author":"Liu","year":"2004","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1016\/S1369-7021(04)00678-9","article-title":"Silicon optical modulators","volume":"8","author":"Reed","year":"2005","journal-title":"Mater. 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