{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,7]],"date-time":"2026-03-07T00:00:04Z","timestamp":1772841604255,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"24","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,10]],"date-time":"2022-12-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1670630400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Natural Science Foundation of Fujian Province of China","award":["2021J011187"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021J011187"]}]},{"name":"Natural Science Foundation of Fujian Province of China","award":["2021J011182"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021J011182"]}]},{"name":"Natural Science Foundation of Fujian Province of China","award":["MOST 111-2218-E-305-001\u2013MBK"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MOST 111-2218-E-305-001\u2013MBK"]}]},{"name":"Natural Science Foundation of Fujian Province of China","award":["MOST 110-2410-H-324-004-MY2"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MOST 110-2410-H-324-004-MY2"]}]},{"name":"Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan, R.O.C.","award":["2021J011187"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021J011187"]}]},{"name":"Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan, R.O.C.","award":["2021J011182"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021J011182"]}]},{"name":"Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan, R.O.C.","award":["MOST 111-2218-E-305-001\u2013MBK"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MOST 111-2218-E-305-001\u2013MBK"]}]},{"name":"Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan, R.O.C.","award":["MOST 110-2410-H-324-004-MY2"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MOST 110-2410-H-324-004-MY2"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Everyone should be vaccinated, but the eligibility and safety of the vaccine are always overlooked by most people. The outbreak of COVID-19 has led many countries to intensify the development and production of the COVID-19 vaccine. and some countries have even required universal vaccination against this epidemic. However, such popularization of vaccination has also exposed various flaws in vaccine management that existed in the past, and vaccinators have become more concerned about the effectiveness of their vaccinations. In this paper, we propose a blockchain-based traceable vaccine management system. First, the system uses smart contracts to store the records generated during the whole process, from vaccine production to vaccination. Second, the proposed scheme uses the Edwards-curve digital signature algorithm (EdDSA) to guarantee the security and integrity of these data. Third, the system participants can access the corresponding data according to their authority to ensure the transparency of the whole system operation process. Finally, this paper will also conduct a security analysis of the whole system to ensure that the system can resist potential attacks by criminals.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s22249670","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,12]],"date-time":"2022-12-12T05:10:19Z","timestamp":1670821819000},"page":"9670","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["A Traceable Vaccine Supply Management System"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Yaohong","family":"Ai","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Computer and Information Engineering, Xiamen University of Technology, Xiamen 361024, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4958-2043","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chin-Ling","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Information Engineering, Changchun Sci-Tech University, Changchun 130600, China"},{"name":"Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering, Chaoyang University of Technology, Taichung 41349, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wei","family":"Weng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Computer and Information Engineering, Xiamen University of Technology, Xiamen 361024, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mao-Lun","family":"Chiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bachelor Degree Program of Artificial Intelligence, National Taichung University of Science and Technology, Taichung 40401, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yong-Yuan","family":"Deng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering, Chaoyang University of Technology, Taichung 41349, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3199-770X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zi-Yi","family":"Lim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Information and Communication Engineering, Chaoyang University of Technology, Taichung 41349, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Nardo, D. 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