{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,3]],"date-time":"2025-12-03T18:03:33Z","timestamp":1764785013801,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"24","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,10]],"date-time":"2022-12-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1670630400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["U1931139"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U1931139"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Recently, micro base station antennas have begun to play a more important role in 5G wireless communication, with the rapid development of modern smart medical care, the Internet of things, and portable electronic devices. Meanwhile, in response to the global commitment to long-term carbon neutrality, graphene film has received significant attention in the field of antennas due to its low carbon environmental impact and high electrical conductivity properties. In this work, a conformal array antenna based on highly conductive graphene films (CGF) is proposed for 5G millimeter-wave (MMW) applications. The proposed antenna consists of three antenna arrays, with eight patch elements in each array, operating at 24 GHz, with linear polarization. Each antenna array\u2019s current amplitude distribution coefficient is constructed by synthesizing a series-feeding linear array using the Chebyshev method. The measurement results demonstrated that the proposed CGF antenna exhibits a peak realized gain higher than 8 dBi in the bandwidth of 23.0\u201324.7 GHz. The proposed antenna achieves three independent beams from bore-sight to \u00b137\u00b0 in conformal installations, with a cylinder radius of 30 mm, showing excellent beam-pointing performance. These characteristics indicate that the CGF can be used for the design of MMW micro base station antennas, fulfilling the requirements of the conformal carrier platform for a lightweight and compact antenna.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s22249681","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,12]],"date-time":"2022-12-12T05:10:19Z","timestamp":1670821819000},"page":"9681","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Multi-Beam Conformal Array Antenna Based on Highly Conductive Graphene Films for 5G Micro Base Station Applications"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"22","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8251-7895","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bin","family":"Zheng","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"The Key Laboratory of Electronic Equipment Structure Design, Ministry of Education, Xidian University, Xi\u2019an 710071, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2625-1807","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xiangyang","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Key Laboratory of Electronic Equipment Structure Design, Ministry of Education, Xidian University, Xi\u2019an 710071, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xin","family":"Rao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Key Laboratory of Electronic Equipment Structure Design, Ministry of Education, Xidian University, Xi\u2019an 710071, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Na","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Key Laboratory of Electronic Equipment Structure Design, Ministry of Education, Xidian University, Xi\u2019an 710071, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"160","DOI":"10.1109\/TAP.2018.2874796","article-title":"Planar Sub-Millimeter-Wave Array Antenna with Enhanced Gain and Reduced Sidelobes for 5G Broadcast Applications","volume":"67","author":"Mao","year":"2019","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. 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