{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,10]],"date-time":"2025-11-10T08:06:35Z","timestamp":1762761995172,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"24","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,14]],"date-time":"2022-12-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1670976000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research (NWO)","award":["13154","P17-32"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["13154","P17-32"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>High frame rate three-dimensional (3D) ultrasound imaging would offer excellent possibilities for the accurate assessment of carotid artery diseases. This calls for a matrix transducer with a large aperture and a vast number of elements. Such a matrix transducer should be interfaced with an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC) for channel reduction. However, the fabrication of such a transducer integrated with one very large ASIC is very challenging and expensive. In this study, we develop a prototype matrix transducer mounted on top of multiple identical ASICs in a tiled configuration. The matrix was designed to have 7680 piezoelectric elements with a pitch of 300 \u03bcm \u00d7 150 \u03bcm integrated with an array of 8 \u00d7 1 tiled ASICs. The performance of the prototype is characterized by a series of measurements. The transducer exhibits a uniform behavior with the majority of the elements working within the \u22126 dB sensitivity range. In transmit, the individual elements show a center frequency of 7.5 MHz, a \u22126 dB bandwidth of 45%, and a transmit efficiency of 30 Pa\/V at 200 mm. In receive, the dynamic range is 81 dB, and the minimum detectable pressure is 60 Pa per element. To demonstrate the imaging capabilities, we acquired 3D images using a commercial wire phantom.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s22249799","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,14]],"date-time":"2022-12-14T03:21:52Z","timestamp":1670988112000},"page":"9799","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["A Tiled Ultrasound Matrix Transducer for Volumetric Imaging of the Carotid Artery"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"22","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3040-0905","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Djalma Sim\u00f5es","family":"dos Santos","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Medical Imaging, Department of Imaging Physics, Delft University of Technology, 2628 CJ Delft, The Netherlands"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2737-3347","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fabian","family":"Fool","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Medical Imaging, Department of Imaging Physics, Delft University of Technology, 2628 CJ Delft, The Netherlands"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0374-9351","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Moein","family":"Mozaffarzadeh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Medical Imaging, Department of Imaging Physics, Delft University of Technology, 2628 CJ Delft, The Netherlands"}]},{"given":"Maysam","family":"Shabanimotlagh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Medical Imaging, Department of Imaging Physics, Delft University of Technology, 2628 CJ Delft, The Netherlands"}]},{"given":"Emile","family":"Noothout","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Medical Imaging, Department of Imaging Physics, Delft University of Technology, 2628 CJ Delft, The Netherlands"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1638-1218","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Taehoon","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Electronic Instrumentation Laboratory, Delft University of Technology, 2628 CD Delft, The Netherlands"}]},{"given":"Nuriel","family":"Rozsa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Electronic Instrumentation Laboratory, Delft University of Technology, 2628 CD Delft, The Netherlands"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8580-4766","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hendrik J.","family":"Vos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Medical Imaging, Department of Imaging Physics, Delft University of Technology, 2628 CJ Delft, The Netherlands"},{"name":"Department Biomedical Engineering, Thoraxcenter, Erasmus Medical Center, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands"}]},{"given":"Johan G.","family":"Bosch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department Biomedical Engineering, Thoraxcenter, Erasmus Medical Center, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9891-4374","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michiel A. P.","family":"Pertijs","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Electronic Instrumentation Laboratory, Delft University of Technology, 2628 CD Delft, The Netherlands"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7441-7218","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Martin D.","family":"Verweij","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Medical Imaging, Department of Imaging Physics, Delft University of Technology, 2628 CJ Delft, The Netherlands"},{"name":"Department Biomedical Engineering, Thoraxcenter, Erasmus Medical Center, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8902-0099","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nico","family":"de Jong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Medical Imaging, Department of Imaging Physics, Delft University of Technology, 2628 CJ Delft, The Netherlands"},{"name":"Department Biomedical Engineering, Thoraxcenter, Erasmus Medical Center, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.4103\/JMU.JMU_164_20","article-title":"A Review of Carotid Artery Phantoms for Doppler Ultrasound Applications","volume":"29","author":"Dakok","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. 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