{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,8]],"date-time":"2026-01-08T19:02:39Z","timestamp":1767898959684,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":87,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"24","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,14]],"date-time":"2022-12-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1670976000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006769","name":"Russian Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["22-29-00793"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["22-29-00793"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006769","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006769","name":"Russian Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["19-38-60034"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["19-38-60034"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006769","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002261","name":"RFBR","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["22-29-00793"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["22-29-00793"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002261","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002261","name":"RFBR","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["19-38-60034"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["19-38-60034"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002261","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Federal Ministry of Economics and Energy","award":["22-29-00793"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["22-29-00793"]}]},{"name":"Federal Ministry of Economics and Energy","award":["19-38-60034"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["19-38-60034"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The growing demand of society for gas sensors for energy-efficient environmental sensing stimulates studies of new electronic materials. Here, we investigated quasi-one-dimensional titanium trisulfide (TiS3) crystals for possible applications in chemiresistors and on-chip multisensor arrays. TiS3 nanoribbons were placed as a mat over a multielectrode chip to form an array of chemiresistive gas sensors. These sensors were exposed to isopropanol as a model analyte, which was mixed with air at low concentrations of 1\u2013100 ppm that are below the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) permissible exposure limit. The tests were performed at room temperature (RT), as well as with heating up to 110 \u00b0C, and under an ultraviolet (UV) radiation at \u03bb = 345 nm. We found that the RT\/UV conditions result in a n-type chemiresistive response to isopropanol, which seems to be governed by its redox reactions with chemisorbed oxygen species. In contrast, the RT conditions without a UV exposure produced a p-type response that is possibly caused by the enhancement of the electron transport scattering due to the analyte adsorption. By analyzing the vector signal from the entire on-chip multisensor array, we could distinguish isopropanol from benzene, both of which produced similar responses on individual sensors. We found that the heating up to 110 \u00b0C reduces both the sensitivity and selectivity of the sensor array.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s22249815","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,14]],"date-time":"2022-12-14T04:15:00Z","timestamp":1670991300000},"page":"9815","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["UV-Light-Tunable p-\/n-Type Chemiresistive Gas Sensors Based on Quasi-1D TiS3 Nanoribbons: Detection of Isopropanol at ppm Concentrations"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"22","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0372-1802","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Victor V.","family":"Sysoev","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physics, Yuri Gagarin State Technical University of Saratov, 410054 Saratov, Russia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6794-8523","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrey V.","family":"Lashkov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Probe Microscopy and Nanotechnology, National Research University of Electronic Technology, 124498 Moscow, Russia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5043-1616","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alexey","family":"Lipatov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, Biology & Health Sciences, South Dakota School of Mines and Technology, 501 E. Saint Joseph St., Rapid City, SD 57701, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1066-1596","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ilya A.","family":"Plugin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physics, Yuri Gagarin State Technical University of Saratov, 410054 Saratov, Russia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0462-3948","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michael","family":"Bruns","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Applied Materials and Karlsruhe Nano Micro Facility, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dirk","family":"Fuchs","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Quantum Materials and Technologies, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0896-9102","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alexey S.","family":"Varezhnikov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physics, Yuri Gagarin State Technical University of Saratov, 410054 Saratov, Russia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mustahsin","family":"Adib","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Microstructure Technology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Martin","family":"Sommer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Microstructure Technology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8688-3451","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alexander","family":"Sinitskii","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska\u2014Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1289","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1062711","article-title":"Nanowire nanosensors for highly sensitive and selective detection of biological and chemical species","volume":"293","author":"Cui","year":"2001","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"555","DOI":"10.1016\/S0167-9317(02)00582-8","article-title":"Electronic devices from electrodeposited metal nanowires","volume":"61\u201362","author":"Walter","year":"2002","journal-title":"Microelectron. Eng."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1869","DOI":"10.1063\/1.1504867","article-title":"Stable and highly sensitive gas sensors based on semiconducting oxide nanobelts","volume":"81","author":"Comini","year":"2002","journal-title":"Appl. Phys. Lett."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100099","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mtadv.2020.100099","article-title":"Metal oxides nanowires chemical\/gas sensors: Recent advances","volume":"7","author":"Comini","year":"2020","journal-title":"Mater. Today Adv."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"124","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.analchem.0c04476","article-title":"Sensors based upon nanowires, nanotubes, and nanoribbons: 2016\u20132020","volume":"93","author":"Ziegler","year":"2021","journal-title":"Anal. Chem."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wang, Z., Zhu, L., Sun, S., Wang, J., and Yan, W. (2021). One-dimensional nanomaterials in resistive gas sensor: From material design to application. Chemosensors, 9.","DOI":"10.3390\/chemosensors9080198"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"897","DOI":"10.1515\/ntrev-2022-0056","article-title":"Electronic noses based on metal oxide nanowires: A review","volume":"11","author":"Tonezzer","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nanotechnol. Rev."},{"key":"ref_8","unstructured":"Carpenter, M., Mathur, S., and Kolmakov, A. (2013). Multisensor micro-arrays based on metal oxide nanowires for electronic nose applications. Metal Oxide Nanomaterials for Chemical Sensors: Integrated Analytical Systems, Springer."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"563","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pmatsci.2010.02.001","article-title":"Synthesis and applications of one-dimensional semiconductors","volume":"55","author":"Barth","year":"2010","journal-title":"Prog. Mater. Sci."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wang, Y., Duan, L., Deng, Z., and Liao, J. (2020). Electrically transduced gas sensors based on semiconducting metal oxide nanowires. Sensors, 20.","DOI":"10.3390\/s20236781"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"178","DOI":"10.1016\/j.snb.2012.10.134","article-title":"Nanowire-based gas sensors","volume":"177","author":"Chen","year":"2013","journal-title":"Sens. Actuators B"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10451","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0502848102","article-title":"Two-dimensional atomic crystals","volume":"102","author":"Novoselov","year":"2005","journal-title":"Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11081","DOI":"10.1039\/C6TC03587F","article-title":"Chemical vapour deposition and characterization of uniform bilayer and trilayer MoS2 crystals","volume":"4","author":"Zobel","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Mater. Chem. C"},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"013114","DOI":"10.1063\/1.4861183","article-title":"Intrinsic device-to-device variation in graphene field-effect transistors on a Si\/SiO2 substrate as a platform for discriminative gas sensing","volume":"104","author":"Lipatov","year":"2014","journal-title":"Appl. Phys. Lett."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5426","DOI":"10.1039\/c3nr00747b","article-title":"Highly selective gas sensor arrays based on thermally reduced graphene oxide","volume":"5","author":"Lipatov","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nanoscale"},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2994","DOI":"10.1002\/smll.201201224","article-title":"Fabrication of flexible MoS2 thin-film transistor arrays for practical gas-sensing applications","volume":"8","author":"He","year":"2012","journal-title":"Small"},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37184","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.7b11055","article-title":"Room temperature gas sensing of two-dimensional titanium carbide (MXene)","volume":"9","author":"Lee","year":"2017","journal-title":"ACS Appl. Mater. Int."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3195","DOI":"10.1021\/acsanm.9b02223","article-title":"Partially oxidized Ti3C2Tx MXenes for fast and selective detection of organic vapors at part-per-million concentrations","volume":"3","author":"Pazniak","year":"2020","journal-title":"ACS Appl. Nano Mater."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"478","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.chemrev.8b00311","article-title":"Electrically-transduced chemical sensors based on two-dimensional nanomaterials","volume":"119","author":"Meng","year":"2019","journal-title":"Chem. Rev."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2101252","DOI":"10.1002\/admt.202101252","article-title":"Two-dimensional nanomaterials for the development of efficient gas sensors: Recent advances, challenges, and future perspectives","volume":"7","author":"Kiani","year":"2022","journal-title":"Adv. Mater. Technol."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"022003","DOI":"10.1088\/2053-1583\/aa6ca6","article-title":"Electronics and optoelectronics of quasi-1D layered transition metal trichalcogenides","volume":"4","author":"Island","year":"2017","journal-title":"2D Mater."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"052102","DOI":"10.1063\/1.5020054","article-title":"The band structure of the quasi-one-dimensional layered semiconductor TiS3(001)","volume":"112","author":"Yi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Appl. Phys. Lett."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"214151","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ccr.2021.214151","article-title":"Emerging van der Waals junctions based on TMDs materials for advanced gas sensors","volume":"447","author":"Zheng","year":"2021","journal-title":"Coordinat. Chem. Rev."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24943","DOI":"10.1039\/D0TA08190F","article-title":"Recent advances in 2D\/nanostructured metal sulfide-based gas sensors: Mechanisms, applications, and perspectives","volume":"8","author":"Tang","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Mater. Chem. A"},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"803","DOI":"10.1021\/acsnano.8b08260","article-title":"Gate-controlled metal-insulator transition in TiS3 nanowire field-effect transistors","volume":"13","author":"Randle","year":"2019","journal-title":"ACS Nano"},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12713","DOI":"10.1021\/acsnano.8b07703","article-title":"Quasi-1D TiS3 nanoribbons: Mechanical exfoliation and thickness-dependent Raman spectroscopy","volume":"12","author":"Lipatov","year":"2018","journal-title":"ACS Nano"},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"641","DOI":"10.1002\/adom.201400043","article-title":"Ultrahigh photoresponse of few-layer TiS3 nanoribbon transistors","volume":"2","author":"Island","year":"2014","journal-title":"Adv. Opt. Mater."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12291","DOI":"10.1039\/C5NR01895A","article-title":"Few-layered titanium trisulfide (TiS3) field-effect transistors","volume":"7","author":"Lipatov","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nanoscale"},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7572","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.201502107","article-title":"Titanium trisulfide monolayer: Theoretical prediction of a new direct-gap semiconductor with high and anisotropic carrier mobility","volume":"54","author":"Dai","year":"2015","journal-title":"Angew. Chem. Int. Ed."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18334","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.6b04092","article-title":"Time-resolved measurements of photocarrier dynamics in TiS3 nanoribbons","volume":"8","author":"Cui","year":"2016","journal-title":"ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces"},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2595","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.201405632","article-title":"TiS3 transistors with tailored morphology and electrical properties","volume":"27","author":"Island","year":"2015","journal-title":"Adv. Mater."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40525","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.0c11892","article-title":"Effect of band symmetry on photocurrent production in quasi-one-dimensional transition-metal trichalcogenides","volume":"12","author":"Gilbert","year":"2020","journal-title":"ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces"},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101604","DOI":"10.1063\/1.5090270","article-title":"The electronic properties of Au and Pt metal contacts on quasi-one-dimensional layered TiS3(001)","volume":"114","author":"Gilbert","year":"2019","journal-title":"Appl. Phys. Lett."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"210502","DOI":"10.1063\/5.0052295","article-title":"Collective states and charge density waves in the group IV transition metal trichalcogenides","volume":"118","author":"Randle","year":"2021","journal-title":"Appl. Phys. Lett."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"668","DOI":"10.1109\/TNANO.2008.2006273","article-title":"Chemical sensors and electronic noses based on 1-D metal oxide nanostructures","volume":"7","author":"Chen","year":"2008","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Nanotechnol."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"450","DOI":"10.1504\/IJNT.2008.017447","article-title":"Some recent trends in the fabrication, functionalisation and characterisation of metal oxide nanowire gas sensors","volume":"5","author":"Kolmakov","year":"2008","journal-title":"Int. J. Nanotechnol."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3441","DOI":"10.3891\/acta.chem.scand.26-3441","article-title":"On the properties of compounds with the ZrSe3 type structure","volume":"26","author":"Brattas","year":"1972","journal-title":"Acta Chem. Scand."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1016\/0038-1098(84)90051-6","article-title":"Electrical transport measurements in TiS3","volume":"50","author":"Finkman","year":"1984","journal-title":"Solid State Commun."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"K55","DOI":"10.1002\/pssa.2210610153","article-title":"Electrical conductivity of TiS3","volume":"61","author":"Kikkawa","year":"1980","journal-title":"Phys. Status Solidi"},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-0248(83)90279-8","article-title":"Single crystals of transition metal trichalcogenides","volume":"61","author":"Berger","year":"1983","journal-title":"J. Cryst. Growth"},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"470","DOI":"10.3109\/15563650.2014.914527","article-title":"Isopropanol poisoning","volume":"52","author":"Slaughter","year":"2014","journal-title":"Clin. Toxicol."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0536.2011.01936.x","article-title":"Allergic contact dermatitis caused by isopropyl alcohol: A missed allergen?","volume":"65","author":"Lissens","year":"2011","journal-title":"Contact Dermat."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"494","DOI":"10.1109\/JSEN.2017.2777178","article-title":"SnO2 nanowire-based aerosol jet printed electronic nose as fire detector","volume":"18","author":"Adib","year":"2018","journal-title":"IEEE Sens. J."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"693","DOI":"10.1016\/S0167-9317(01)00553-6","article-title":"An electronic nose for intelligent consumer products based on a gas analytical gradient microarray","volume":"57\u201358","author":"Goschnick","year":"2001","journal-title":"Microelectron. Eng."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"053103","DOI":"10.1063\/1.4996337","article-title":"Low-temperature thermal reduction of graphene oxide: In situ correlative structural, thermal desorption, and electrical transport measurements","volume":"112","author":"Lipatov","year":"2018","journal-title":"Appl. Phys. Lett."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"820","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-017-00692-4","article-title":"Laterally extended atomically precise graphene nanoribbons with improved electrical conductivity for efficient gas sensing","volume":"8","author":"Lashkov","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7392","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.9b13946","article-title":"Highly selective gas sensors based on graphene nanoribbons grown by chemical vapor deposition","volume":"12","author":"Shekhirev","year":"2020","journal-title":"ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces"},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1497","DOI":"10.1002\/sia.2400","article-title":"ARXPS characterization of plasma polymerized surface chemical gradients","volume":"38","author":"Parry","year":"2006","journal-title":"Surf. Interface Anal."},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1016\/0368-2048(76)80015-1","article-title":"Hartree-Slater subshell photoionization cross-sections at 1254 and 1487 eV","volume":"8","author":"Scofield","year":"1976","journal-title":"J. Electron. Spectrosc. Relat. Phenom."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1002\/sia.740210302","article-title":"Calculations of electron inelastic mean free paths. V. Data for 14 organic compounds over the 50\u20132000 eV range","volume":"21","author":"Tanuma","year":"1994","journal-title":"Surf. Interface Anal."},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Watts, J., and Wolstenholme, J. (2020). An Introduction to Surface Analysis by XPS and AES, John Wiley and Sons Ltd.. [2nd ed.].","DOI":"10.1002\/9781119417651"},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aca.2015.09.029","article-title":"Potassium polytitanate gas-sensor study by impedance spectroscopy","volume":"897","author":"Fedorov","year":"2015","journal-title":"Anal. Chim. Acta"},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sna.2014.02.016","article-title":"UV-VIS sensor system based on SnO2 nanowires","volume":"210","author":"Augustin","year":"2014","journal-title":"Sens. Actuators A"},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Henrion, R., and Henrion, G. (1995). Multivariate Datenanalyse, Springer.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-57792-5"},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29LT01","DOI":"10.1088\/1361-648X\/ab832c","article-title":"The electronic band structure of quasi-one-dimensional van der Waals semiconductors: The effective hole mass of ZrS3 compared to TiS3","volume":"32","author":"Yi","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Phys. Condens. Matter."},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1016\/j.susc.2005.03.048","article-title":"Polarized X-ray absorption spectroscopy and XPS of TiS3: S K- and Ti L-edge XANES and S and Ti 2p XPS","volume":"584","author":"Fleet","year":"2005","journal-title":"Surf. Sci."},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"835","DOI":"10.1002\/sia.3558","article-title":"Bandgap determination and charge separation in Ag@TiO2 core shell nanoparticle films","volume":"42","author":"Tunc","year":"2010","journal-title":"Surf. Interface Anal."},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9732","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-10495-8","article-title":"Toward new gas-analytical multisensor chips based on titanium oxide nanotube array","volume":"7","author":"Fedorov","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1131","DOI":"10.1002\/sia.3223","article-title":"Characterization of core\/shell nanoparticle thin films for gas analytical applications","volume":"42","author":"Fuchs","year":"2010","journal-title":"Surf. Interface Anal."},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3382","DOI":"10.1021\/acsanm.0c00127","article-title":"1T-phase titanium disulfide nanosheets for sensing H2S and O2","volume":"3","author":"Sakhuja","year":"2020","journal-title":"ACS Appl. Nano Mater."},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2874","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.201000575","article-title":"Porous silicon-based optical microsensors for volatile organic analytes: Effect of surface chemistry on stability and specificity","volume":"20","author":"Ruminski","year":"2010","journal-title":"Adv. Funct. Mater."},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2041","DOI":"10.1002\/cphc.200600292","article-title":"Interplay between O2 and SnO2: Oxygen ionosorption and spectroscopic evidence for adsorbed oxygen","volume":"7","author":"Gurlo","year":"2006","journal-title":"ChemPhysChem"},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"073102","DOI":"10.1063\/5.0083166","article-title":"High-electric-field behavior of the metal-insulator transition in TiS3 nanowire transistors","volume":"120","author":"Randle","year":"2022","journal-title":"Appl. Phys. Lett."},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2104878","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.202104878","article-title":"2D molybdenum carbide MXenes for enhanced selective detection of humidity in air","volume":"33","author":"Pazniak","year":"2021","journal-title":"Adv. Mater."},{"key":"ref_65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14016","DOI":"10.1039\/D2CP01254E","article-title":"Effect of Au\/HfS3 interfacial interactions on properties of HfS3-based devices","volume":"24","author":"Dhingra","year":"2022","journal-title":"Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys."},{"key":"ref_66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2280","DOI":"10.1063\/1.1794853","article-title":"An n- to p-type conductivity transition induced by oxygen adsorption on \u03b1-Fe2O3","volume":"85","author":"Gurlo","year":"2004","journal-title":"Appl. Phys. Lett."},{"key":"ref_67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3372","DOI":"10.1039\/C4TA05438E","article-title":"Highly reversible switching from P- to N-type NO2 sensing in a monolayer Fe2O3 inverse opal film and the associated P-N transition phase diagram","volume":"3","author":"Dai","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Mater. Chem. A"},{"key":"ref_68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127572","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cej.2020.127572","article-title":"Highly sensitive NO2 response and abnormal P-N sensing transition with ultrathin Mo-doped SnS2 nanosheets","volume":"420","author":"Zhou","year":"2021","journal-title":"Chem. Eng. J."},{"key":"ref_69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2733","DOI":"10.1039\/C7CE00523G","article-title":"Design of nanostructured WO3\u00b70.33H2O via combination of ultrasonic spray nozzle and microwave-assisted hydrothermal methods for enhancing isopropanol gas sensing at room temperature","volume":"19","author":"Perfecto","year":"2017","journal-title":"CrystEngComm"},{"key":"ref_70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2822","DOI":"10.1039\/C8TC00324F","article-title":"Flexible room-temperature volatile organic compound sensors based on reduced graphene oxide\u2013WO3\u00b70.33H2O nano-needles","volume":"6","author":"Perfecto","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Mater. Chem. C"},{"key":"ref_71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"761","DOI":"10.1016\/j.snb.2016.02.133","article-title":"C-doped and N-doped reduced graphene oxide\/TiO2 composites with exposed (0 0 1) and (1 0 1) facets controllably synthesized by a hydrothermal route and their gas sensing characteristics","volume":"230","author":"Yan","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sens. Actuators B"},{"key":"ref_72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"712","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jallcom.2016.07.248","article-title":"Highly sensitive gas sensor based on SnO2 nanorings for detection of isopropanol","volume":"688","author":"Li","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Alloys Compd."},{"key":"ref_73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"56135","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.0c14055","article-title":"Microplotter-printed on-chip combinatorial library of ink-derived multiple metal oxides as an \u201celectronic olfaction\u201d unit","volume":"12","author":"Fedorov","year":"2020","journal-title":"ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces"},{"key":"ref_74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20089","DOI":"10.1039\/C4TA04251D","article-title":"Combustion synthesis of porous Pt-functionalized SnO2 sheets for isopropanol gas detection with a significant enhancement in response","volume":"2","author":"Dong","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Mater. Chem. A"},{"key":"ref_75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102138","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mtcomm.2021.102138","article-title":"High performance isopropanol sensor based on spinel ZnMn2O4 nanoparticles","volume":"26","year":"2021","journal-title":"Mater. Today Commun."},{"key":"ref_76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8283","DOI":"10.1039\/D1TA11018G","article-title":"MoO3\/TiO2\/Ti3C2Tx nanocomposite based gas sensors for highly sensitive and selective isopropanol detection at room temperature","volume":"10","author":"Yao","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Mater. Chem. A"},{"key":"ref_77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29126","DOI":"10.1039\/C5RA00867K","article-title":"A low-temperature n-propanol gas sensor based on TeO2 nanowires as the sensing layer","volume":"5","author":"Shen","year":"2015","journal-title":"RSC Adv."},{"key":"ref_78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jallcom.2016.01.056","article-title":"Effect of solvothermal reaction temperature on the morphology of WO3 nanocrystals and their low-temperature NO2-sensing properties","volume":"665","author":"Wang","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Alloys Compd."},{"key":"ref_79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1043","DOI":"10.1016\/j.snb.2011.09.023","article-title":"Alcohol-sensing characteristics of spray deposited ZnO nano-particle thin films","volume":"160","author":"Prajapati","year":"2011","journal-title":"Sens. Actuators B"},{"key":"ref_80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"80786","DOI":"10.1039\/C5RA15392A","article-title":"NiO nanosheets assembled into hollow microspheres for highly sensitive and fast-responding VOC sensors","volume":"5","author":"Li","year":"2015","journal-title":"RSC Adv."},{"key":"ref_81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9832","DOI":"10.1021\/jp501550w","article-title":"Novel mixed phase SnO2 nanorods assembled with SnO2 nanocrystals for enhancing gas-sensing performance toward isopropanol gas","volume":"118","author":"Hu","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Phys. Chem. C"},{"key":"ref_82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"015503","DOI":"10.1088\/2053-1591\/4\/1\/015503","article-title":"Chemi-resistive response of rutile titania nano-particles towards isopropanol and formaldehyde: A correlation with the volatility and chemical reactivity of vapors","volume":"4","author":"Das","year":"2017","journal-title":"Mater. Res. Express"},{"key":"ref_83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Solomatin, M.A., Glukhova, O.E., Fedorov, F.S., Sommer, M., Shunaev, V.V., Varezhnikov, A.S., Nasibulin, A.G., Ushakov, N.M., and Sysoev, V.V. (2021). The UV effect on the chemiresistive response of ZnO nanostructures to isopropanol and benzene at PPM concentrations in mixture with dry and wet air. Chemosensors, 9.","DOI":"10.3390\/chemosensors9070181"},{"key":"ref_84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25458","DOI":"10.1039\/C8CP05026K","article-title":"Computational investigation of gas detection and selectivity on TiS3 nanoflakes supported by experimental evidence","volume":"20","author":"Aryanpour","year":"2018","journal-title":"Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys."},{"key":"ref_85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1016\/j.snb.2013.04.087","article-title":"Enhancing the gas selectivity of single-crystal SnO2:Pt thin-film chemiresistor microarray by SiO2 membrane coating","volume":"185","author":"Sysoev","year":"2013","journal-title":"Sens. Actuators B"},{"key":"ref_86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"152316","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jallcom.2019.152316","article-title":"Synthesis and exfoliation of quasi-1D (Zr,Ti)S3 solid solutions for device measurements","volume":"815","author":"Muratov","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Alloys Compd."},{"key":"ref_87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2106459","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.202106459","article-title":"Anisotropic properties of quasi-1D In4Se3: Mechanical exfoliation, electronic transport, and polarization-dependent photoresponse","volume":"31","author":"Vorobeva","year":"2021","journal-title":"Adv. Funct. Mater."}],"container-title":["Sensors"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1424-8220\/22\/24\/9815\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T01:41:01Z","timestamp":1760146861000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1424-8220\/22\/24\/9815"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,14]]},"references-count":87,"journal-issue":{"issue":"24","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,12]]}},"alternative-id":["s22249815"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/s22249815","relation":{},"ISSN":["1424-8220"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1424-8220","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,14]]}}}