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An interval description of element factors under different curvature radii of spherical substrates is established using the surrogate model based on the data obtained through a full-wave analysis method. The interval formula of the spherical curvature radius and array element position error is derived and the effects of the spherical radius tolerance, excitation amplitude tolerance, and excitation phase tolerance on the antenna power pattern are studied. To evaluate the effectiveness and reliability of the proposed method, a set of representative numerical results are reported and discussed and a comparison with the Monte Carlo methods and full-wave simulation is described. This method can be widely used during the antenna design and before the antenna prototyping\/manufacturing to predict the effects, on the radiation performance, of possible errors\/tolerances in the antenna structure to guarantee the antenna working \u2018in operation\u2019.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s22249828","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,14]],"date-time":"2022-12-14T05:59:40Z","timestamp":1670997580000},"page":"9828","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Surrogate-Model-Based Interval Analysis of Spherical Conformal Array Antenna with Power Pattern Tolerance"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"22","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5746-1797","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Guangda","family":"Ding","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"The Key Laboratory of Electronic Equipment Structure Design, Ministry of Education, Xidian University, Xi\u2019an 710071, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Peng","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Key Laboratory of Electronic Equipment Structure Design, Ministry of Education, Xidian University, Xi\u2019an 710071, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4522-6903","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paolo","family":"Rocca","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Key Laboratory of Electronic Equipment Structure Design, Ministry of Education, Xidian University, Xi\u2019an 710071, China"},{"name":"The ELEDIA Research Center, ELEDIA@UniTN\u2014University of Trento, Via Sommarive 9, 38123 Trento, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8875-3538","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jiantao","family":"Chang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Key Laboratory of Electronic Equipment Structure Design, Ministry of Education, Xidian University, Xi\u2019an 710071, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wanye","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Key Laboratory of Electronic Equipment Structure Design, Ministry of Education, Xidian University, Xi\u2019an 710071, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Albagory, Y. 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