{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,10]],"date-time":"2026-02-10T00:11:46Z","timestamp":1770682306232,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"24","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,16]],"date-time":"2022-12-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1671148800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006083","name":"Ministry of Defence","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PNRM 2019 program"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PNRM 2019 program"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006083","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Current technologies based on inertial measurement units (IMUs) are considered valid and reliable tools for monitoring barbell velocity in strength training. However, the extracted outcomes are often limited to a few velocity metrics, such as mean or maximal velocity. This study aimed at validating a single IMU-based methodology to automatically obtain the barbell velocity full profile as well as key performance metrics during maximal Paralympic bench press. Seven Paralympic powerlifters (age: 30.5 \u00b1 4.3 years, sitting height: 71.6 \u00b1 6.8 cm, body mass: 72.5 \u00b1 16.4 kg, one-repetition maximum: 148.4 \u00b1 38.6 kg) performed four attempts of maximal Paralympic bench press. The barbell velocity profile and relevant metrics were automatically obtained from IMU linear acceleration through a custom-made algorithm and validated against a video-based reference system. The mean difference between devices was 0.00 \u00b1 0.04 m\u00b7s\u22121 with low limits of agreement (&lt;0.09 m\u00b7s\u22121) and moderate-to-good reliability (ICC: 0.55\u20130.90). Linear regression analysis showed large-to-very large associations between paired measurements (r: 0.57\u20130.91, p &lt; 0.003; SEE: 0.02\u20130.06 m\u00b7s\u22121). The analysis of velocity curves showed a high spatial similarity and small differences between devices. The proposed methodology provided a good level of agreement, making it suitable for different applications in barbell velocity monitoring during maximal Paralympic bench press.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s22249904","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,16]],"date-time":"2022-12-16T03:55:39Z","timestamp":1671162939000},"page":"9904","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Validation of an Automatic Inertial Sensor-Based Methodology for Detailed Barbell Velocity Monitoring during Maximal Paralympic Bench Press"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"22","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5870-7514","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lorenzo","family":"Rum","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome \u201cForo Italico\u201d, Piazza L. De Bosis 6, 00135 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tommaso","family":"Sciarra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Defense Veterans Center, Celio Army Medical Center, 00184 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nicoletta","family":"Balletti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Defense Veterans Center, Celio Army Medical Center, 00184 Rome, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Biosciences and Territory, University of Molise, 86100 Campobasso, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Aldo","family":"Lazich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Defense Veterans Center, Celio Army Medical Center, 00184 Rome, Italy"},{"name":"DIAG, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Roma, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9055-3981","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elena","family":"Bergamini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome \u201cForo Italico\u201d, Piazza L. De Bosis 6, 00135 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Romagnoli, R., and Piacentini, M.F. (2022). Perception of Velocity during Free-Weight Exercises: Difference between Back Squat and Bench Press. J. Funct. Morphol. Kinesiol., 7.","DOI":"10.3390\/jfmk7020034"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Guerriero, A., Varalda, C., and Piacentini, M. (2018). The Role of Velocity Based Training in the Strength Periodization for Modern Athletes. J. Funct. Morphol. 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