{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,18]],"date-time":"2026-07-18T16:11:47Z","timestamp":1784391107641,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"24","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,17]],"date-time":"2022-12-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1671235200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Ministry of Science and Technology","award":["MOST-110-2634-F-009-024"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MOST-110-2634-F-009-024"]}]},{"name":"Ministry of Science and Technology","award":["110-2221-E-A49-121-MY2"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["110-2221-E-A49-121-MY2"]}]},{"name":"Ministry of Science and Technology","award":["110-2221-E-224-026"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["110-2221-E-224-026"]}]},{"name":"Ministry of Science and Technology","award":["110-2622-E-224-012"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["110-2622-E-224-012"]}]},{"name":"Ministry of Science and Technology","award":["110-2634-F-007-027"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["110-2634-F-007-027"]}]},{"name":"IRIS \u201cIntelligent Recognition Industry Service Research Center\u201d","award":["MOST-110-2634-F-009-024"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MOST-110-2634-F-009-024"]}]},{"name":"IRIS \u201cIntelligent Recognition Industry Service Research Center\u201d","award":["110-2221-E-A49-121-MY2"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["110-2221-E-A49-121-MY2"]}]},{"name":"IRIS \u201cIntelligent Recognition Industry Service Research Center\u201d","award":["110-2221-E-224-026"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["110-2221-E-224-026"]}]},{"name":"IRIS \u201cIntelligent Recognition Industry Service Research Center\u201d","award":["110-2622-E-224-012"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["110-2622-E-224-012"]}]},{"name":"IRIS \u201cIntelligent Recognition Industry Service Research Center\u201d","award":["110-2634-F-007-027"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["110-2634-F-007-027"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>As the technology of Internet of Things (IoT) becomes popular, the number of sensor nodes also increases. The network coverage, extensibility, and reliability are also the key points of technical development. To address the challenge of environmental restriction and deployment cost, most sensor nodes are powered by batteries. Therefore, the low-power consumption becomes an important issue because of the finite value of battery capacity. In addition, significant interference occurs in the environment, thereby complicating reliable wireless communication. This study proposes a fuzzy-based adaptive data rate for the transmission power control in wireless sensor networks to balance the communication quality and power consumption. The error count and error interval perform the inputs of a fuzzy system and the corresponding fuzzy system output is guard that is utilized for limiting the upper bounds of data rate and transmission power. The long-term experimental results are introduced to demonstrate that the control algorithm can overcome environmental interference and obtain low-power performance. The sensor nodes have reliable communication under an ultra-low-power consumption. The experimental results show that the total power consumption of the proposed approach has been improved 73% compared with the system without executing the algorithm and also indicate the Packet Error Rate (PER) is close to 1%. Therefore, the proposed method is suitable for the battery supply IoT system.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s22249963","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,19]],"date-time":"2022-12-19T09:31:01Z","timestamp":1671442261000},"page":"9963","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["Transmission Power Control in Wireless Sensor Networks Using Fuzzy Adaptive Data Rate"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"22","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1051-545X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chung-Wen","family":"Hung","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical Engineering, National Yunlin University of Science and Technology, Yunlin 64002, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yi-Da","family":"Zhuang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical Engineering, National Yunlin University of Science and Technology, Yunlin 64002, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3081-362X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ching-Hung","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu City 30010, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1882-3887","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chun-Chieh","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical Engineering, Chienkuo Technology University, Changhua City 500020, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hsi-Hsun","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Digital Media Design, National Yunlin University of Science & Technology, Douliou 64002, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Role of Internet of things (IoT) in adoption of Industry 4.0","volume":"6","author":"Khan","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. 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