{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,18]],"date-time":"2026-04-18T03:26:46Z","timestamp":1776482806304,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"24","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,19]],"date-time":"2022-12-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1671408000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The application of Polyvinylidene Fluoride or Polyvinylidene Difluoride (PVDF) in harvesting energy from tire deformation was investigated in this study. An instrumented tire with different sizes of PVDF-based piezoelectric patches and a tri-axial accelerometer attached to its inner liner was used for this purpose and was tested under different conditions on asphalt and concrete surfaces. The results demonstrated that on both pavement types, the generated voltage was directly proportional to the size of the harvester patches, the longitudinal velocity, and the normal load. Additionally, the generated voltage was inversely proportional to the tire inflation pressure. Moreover, the range of generated voltages was slightly higher on asphalt compared to the same testing conditions on the concrete surface. Based on the results, it was concluded that in addition to the potential role of the PVDF-based piezoelectric film in harvesting energy from tire deformation, they demonstrate great potential to be used as self-powered sensors to estimate the tire-road contact parameters.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s22249995","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,19]],"date-time":"2022-12-19T09:31:01Z","timestamp":1671442261000},"page":"9995","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["The Application of PVDF-Based Piezoelectric Patches in Energy Harvesting from Tire Deformation"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Kevin","family":"Nguyen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1956-3789","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Matthew","family":"Bryant","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mechanical Engineering, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 58718, USA"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3651-6274","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"In-Hyouk","family":"Song","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Engineering Technology, Texas State University, San Marcos, TX 78666, USA"}]},{"given":"Byoung Hee","family":"You","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Engineering Technology, Texas State University, San Marcos, TX 78666, USA"}]},{"given":"Seyedmeysam","family":"Khaleghian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Engineering Technology, Texas State University, San Marcos, TX 78666, USA"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.4271\/06-12-02-0007","article-title":"A Combination of Intelligent Tire and Vehicle Dynamic Based Algorithm to Estimate the Tire-Road Friction","volume":"12","author":"Khaleghian","year":"2019","journal-title":"SAE Int. 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