{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,3]],"date-time":"2026-06-03T00:02:55Z","timestamp":1780444975426,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,21]],"date-time":"2022-12-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1671580800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100014440","name":"Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovaci\u00f3n y Universidades","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["RTI2018-093421-B-I00"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RTI2018-093421-B-I00"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100014440","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100014440","name":"Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovaci\u00f3n y Universidades","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PID2021-122944OB-I00"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PID2021-122944OB-I00"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100014440","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The roles of emergency responders are challenging and often physically demanding, so it is essential that their duties are performed safely and effectively. In this article, we address real-time bio-signal sensor monitoring for responders in disaster scenarios. In particular, we propose the integration of a set of health monitoring sensors suitable for detecting stress, anxiety and physical fatigue in an Internet of Cooperative Agents architecture for search and rescue (SAR) missions (SAR-IoCA), which allows remote control and communication between human and robotic agents and the mission control center. With this purpose, we performed proof-of-concept experiments with a bio-signal sensor suite worn by firefighters in two high-fidelity SAR exercises. Moreover, we conducted a survey, distributed to end-users through the Fire Brigade consortium of the Provincial Council of M\u00e1laga, in order to analyze the firefighters\u2019 opinion about biological signals monitoring while on duty. As a result of this methodology, we propose a wearable sensor suite design with the aim of providing some easy-to-wear integrated-sensor garments, which are suitable for emergency worker activity. The article offers discussion of user acceptance, performance results and learned lessons.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s23010049","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,21]],"date-time":"2022-12-21T06:11:24Z","timestamp":1671603084000},"page":"49","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Enabling Remote Responder Bio-Signal Monitoring in a Cooperative Human\u2013Robot Architecture for Search and Rescue"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"23","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8787-8160","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pablo","family":"Vera-Ortega","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Robotics and Mechatronics Lab, Institute for Mechatronics Engineering & Cyber-physical Systems, Universidad de M\u00e1laga, 29071 M\u00e1laga, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1742-6852","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ricardo","family":"V\u00e1zquez-Mart\u00edn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Robotics and Mechatronics Lab, Institute for Mechatronics Engineering & Cyber-physical Systems, Universidad de M\u00e1laga, 29071 M\u00e1laga, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8174-1331","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"J. J.","family":"Fernandez-Lozano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Robotics and Mechatronics Lab, Institute for Mechatronics Engineering & Cyber-physical Systems, Universidad de M\u00e1laga, 29071 M\u00e1laga, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3432-3230","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alfonso","family":"Garc\u00eda-Cerezo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Robotics and Mechatronics Lab, Institute for Mechatronics Engineering & Cyber-physical Systems, Universidad de M\u00e1laga, 29071 M\u00e1laga, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9994-6239","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anthony","family":"Mandow","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Robotics and Mechatronics Lab, Institute for Mechatronics Engineering & Cyber-physical Systems, Universidad de M\u00e1laga, 29071 M\u00e1laga, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Rostow, C.D., and Davis, R.D. 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