{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,7]],"date-time":"2026-07-07T17:08:50Z","timestamp":1783444130662,"version":"3.54.6"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,22]],"date-time":"2022-12-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1671667200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Natural Science Foundation of Sichuan Province, China","award":["2022NSFSC1155"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022NSFSC1155"]}]},{"name":"Natural Science Foundation of Sichuan Province, China","award":["U2142210"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U2142210"]}]},{"name":"Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["2022NSFSC1155"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022NSFSC1155"]}]},{"name":"Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["U2142210"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U2142210"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Weather radars are commonly used to track the development of convective storms due to their high resolution and accuracy. However, the coverage of existing weather radar is very limited, especially in mountainous and ocean areas. Geostationary meteorological satellites can provide near global coverage and near real-time observations, which can compensate for the lack of radar observations. In this paper, a deep learning method was used to estimate the radar composite reflectivity from observations of China\u2019s new-generation geostationary meteorological satellite FY-4A and topographic data. The derived radar reflectivity products from satellite observations can be used over regions without radar coverage. In general, the deep learning model can reproduce the overall position, shape, and intensity of the radar echoes. In addition, evaluation of the reconstruction radar observations indicates that a modified model based on the attention mechanism (Attention U-Net model) has better performance than the traditional U-Net model in terms of all statistics such as the probability of detection (POD), critical success index (CSI), and root-mean-square error (RMSE), and the modified model has stronger capability on reconstructing details and strong echoes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s23010081","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,23]],"date-time":"2022-12-23T03:26:25Z","timestamp":1671765985000},"page":"81","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["Radar Composite Reflectivity Reconstruction Based on FY-4A Using Deep Learning"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Ling","family":"Yang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Electronic Engineering, Chengdu University of Information Technology, Chengdu 610225, China"},{"name":"CMA Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Sounding, Chengdu 610225, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qian","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Electronic Engineering, Chengdu University of Information Technology, Chengdu 610225, China"},{"name":"CMA Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Sounding, Chengdu 610225, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5216-407X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yunheng","family":"Xue","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Electronic Engineering, Chengdu University of Information Technology, Chengdu 610225, China"},{"name":"CMA Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Sounding, Chengdu 610225, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Radiometric Calibration and Validation for Environmental Satellites and Innovation Center for FengYun Meteorological Satellite (FYSIC), National Satellite Meteorological Center (National Center for Space Weather), China Meteorological Administration, Beijing 100081, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1812-141X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fenglin","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Radiometric Calibration and Validation for Environmental Satellites and Innovation Center for FengYun Meteorological Satellite (FYSIC), National Satellite Meteorological Center (National Center for Space Weather), China Meteorological Administration, Beijing 100081, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jun","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Radiometric Calibration and Validation for Environmental Satellites and Innovation Center for FengYun Meteorological Satellite (FYSIC), National Satellite Meteorological Center (National Center for Space Weather), China Meteorological Administration, Beijing 100081, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaoqiong","family":"Zhen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Electronic Engineering, Chengdu University of Information Technology, Chengdu 610225, China"},{"name":"CMA Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Sounding, Chengdu 610225, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tujin","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hainan Meteorological Observation Center, Haikou 570203, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"827","DOI":"10.1007\/s11069-021-04858-8","article-title":"Meteorological disaster frequency at prefecture-level city scale and induced losses in mainland China during 2011\u20132019","volume":"109","author":"Xu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat. 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