{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,17]],"date-time":"2026-01-17T21:38:00Z","timestamp":1768685880604,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":13,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,23]],"date-time":"2022-12-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1671753600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Traditional broadband UV optical designs often have complex structural problems and cannot meet the current requirements of light and miniaturization. In this study, we first design the substrate material of double-layer diffractive optical elements (DOEs) in the 0.23\u20130.8 \u03bcm band, optimize the diffraction efficiency and analyze the effect of the angle of incidence on the diffraction efficiency of double-layer DOEs. Second, we design a refractive lens system and a refractive\/diffractive hybrid lens system with double-layer DOEs designed for a wide UV wavelength range of 0.23\u20130.8 \u03bcm, a half field of view of 15 mm, an objective aperture of 0.1 and a magnification of 1. The refractive\/diffractive hybrid lens system designed with seven lenses produces a higher image quality than the refractive lens system. The novel design is an effective solution to the problem of the low transmission rate of traditional UV refractive lens systems.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s23010143","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,27]],"date-time":"2022-12-27T02:53:11Z","timestamp":1672109591000},"page":"143","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Design of a Hybrid Refractive\/Diffractive Lens System for Broadband UV"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"23","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4080-7314","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yuan","family":"Hu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Optoelectronic Engineering, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun 130012, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jiaqi","family":"Huo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Optoelectronic Engineering, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun 130012, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Binpeng","family":"Cheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Optoelectronic Engineering, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun 130012, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1364\/OPN.11.2.000041","article-title":"UV-Visible-IR Refractive Lens System","volume":"11","author":"Caldwell","year":"2000","journal-title":"Opt. Photonics News"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s10686-020-09668-7","article-title":"Design of a hybrid refractive-diffractive telescope for observations in UV","volume":"50","author":"Fluder","year":"2020","journal-title":"Exp. Astron."},{"key":"ref_3","first-page":"474","article-title":"Design of 300\u20131100 nm multiband optical imaging system and its stray light analysis","volume":"3","author":"Guo","year":"2010","journal-title":"Chin. J. Opt. Appl. Opt."},{"key":"ref_4","first-page":"36","article-title":"Design of Micro Ultraviolet-Visible Spectrometer Based on Plane Reflection Grating","volume":"40","author":"Zhou","year":"2019","journal-title":"Process Autom. Instrum."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6446","DOI":"10.1364\/AO.34.006446","article-title":"Ultraviolet-visible spectrograph optics: ODIN project","volume":"34","author":"Powell","year":"1995","journal-title":"Appl. Opt."},{"key":"ref_6","unstructured":"Yu, C., Huo, F., and Zheng, L. (2014). Solar-blind ultraviolet optical system design for missile warning. Selected Papers from Conferences of the Photoelectronic Technology Committee of the Chinese Society of Astronautics 2014, Part I, SPIE."},{"key":"ref_7","unstructured":"Wu, H.S. (1999). Design of Optical System for UV Three-Axis Attitude Orientation. [Master\u2019s Thesis, Shanghai University of Science and Technology]."},{"key":"ref_8","first-page":"1068","article-title":"Spherical lens with binary optical element for visible and UV dual-band optical system","volume":"38","author":"Bai","year":"2009","journal-title":"Infrared Laser Eng."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"986","DOI":"10.1364\/OL.35.000986","article-title":"Design of multilayer diffractive optical elements with polychromatic integral diffraction efficiency","volume":"35","author":"Xue","year":"2010","journal-title":"Opt. Lett."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2604","DOI":"10.1364\/AO.57.002604","article-title":"Influence of passive facet of multilayer diffractive optical elements","volume":"57","author":"Yang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Appl. Opt."},{"key":"ref_11","first-page":"11","article-title":"Optimal Design of the Microstructure Height for Double-layer Diffractive Optical Elements","volume":"40","author":"Yang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Infrared"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"120","DOI":"10.3788\/AOS20092901.0120","article-title":"Effect of Incident Angle on Diffraction Efficiency of a Two-Layer Diffractive Optical Element","volume":"29","author":"Pei","year":"2009","journal-title":"Acta Opt. Sin."},{"key":"ref_13","unstructured":"Wakaki, M., Shibuya, T., and Kudo, K. (2007). Physical Properties and Data of Optical Materials, CRC Press."}],"container-title":["Sensors"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1424-8220\/23\/1\/143\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T01:49:19Z","timestamp":1760147359000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1424-8220\/23\/1\/143"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,23]]},"references-count":13,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,1]]}},"alternative-id":["s23010143"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/s23010143","relation":{},"ISSN":["1424-8220"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1424-8220","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,23]]}}}