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The former allows for description of the measurement system and subsurface scenario with high accuracy, while the latter exploits the adaptive definition of exponent function to achieve improved results in the regularized solution of the inverse scattering problem. The method has been assessed with numerical simulations regarding two-layered environments with both planar and non-planar air\u2013soil interfaces. The results show the capabilities of the method of detecting buried objects in different operative conditions.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s23010167","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,27]],"date-time":"2022-12-27T02:55:07Z","timestamp":1672109707000},"page":"167","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Microwave-Based Subsurface Characterization through a Combined Finite Element and Variable Exponent Spaces Technique"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"23","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2005-7990","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Valentina","family":"Schenone","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical, Electronic, Telecommunications Engineering, and Naval Architecture, University of Genoa, 16145 Genoa, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0948-6687","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Claudio","family":"Estatico","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mathematics, University of Genoa, 16146 Genoa, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0002-979X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gian Luigi","family":"Gragnani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical, Electronic, Telecommunications Engineering, and Naval Architecture, University of Genoa, 16145 Genoa, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matteo","family":"Pastorino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical, Electronic, Telecommunications Engineering, and Naval Architecture, University of Genoa, 16145 Genoa, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5291-462X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrea","family":"Randazzo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical, Electronic, Telecommunications Engineering, and Naval Architecture, University of Genoa, 16145 Genoa, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6636-1448","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alessandro","family":"Fedeli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical, Electronic, Telecommunications Engineering, and Naval Architecture, University of Genoa, 16145 Genoa, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Persico, R. 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