{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,16]],"date-time":"2026-06-16T13:15:19Z","timestamp":1781615719344,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,24]],"date-time":"2022-12-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1671840000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Regione Lombardia and Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>A high power setup for multichannel time-domain (TD) functional near infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) measurements with high efficiency detection system was developed. It was fully characterized based on international performance assessment protocols for diffuse optics instruments, showing an improvement of the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) with respect to previous analogue devices, and allowing acquisition of signals with sampling rate up to 20 Hz and source-detector distance up to 5 cm. A resting-state measurement on the motor cortex of a healthy volunteer was performed with an acquisition rate of 20 Hz at a 4 cm source-detector distance. The power spectrum for the cortical oxy- and deoxyhemoglobin is also provided.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s23010196","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,27]],"date-time":"2022-12-27T03:03:31Z","timestamp":1672110211000},"page":"196","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Reliable Fast (20 Hz) Acquisition Rate by a TD fNIRS Device: Brain Resting-State Oscillation Studies"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"23","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9521-8066","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rebecca","family":"Re","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Dipartimento di Fisica, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci, 32, 20133 Milan, Italy"},{"name":"Istituto di Fotonica e Nanotecnologie, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci, 32, 20133 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4905-3990","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ileana","family":"Pirovano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dipartimento di Fisica, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci, 32, 20133 Milan, Italy"},{"name":"Istituto di Tecnologie Biomediche, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, via Fratelli Cervi 93, 20090 Segrate, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Davide","family":"Contini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dipartimento di Fisica, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci, 32, 20133 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Caterina","family":"Amendola","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dipartimento di Fisica, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci, 32, 20133 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Letizia","family":"Contini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dipartimento di Fisica, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci, 32, 20133 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1295-0295","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lorenzo","family":"Frabasile","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dipartimento di Fisica, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci, 32, 20133 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8366-5718","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pietro","family":"Levoni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dipartimento di Fisica, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci, 32, 20133 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6878-8936","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alessandro","family":"Torricelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dipartimento di Fisica, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci, 32, 20133 Milan, Italy"},{"name":"Istituto di Fotonica e Nanotecnologie, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci, 32, 20133 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lorenzo","family":"Spinelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Istituto di Fotonica e Nanotecnologie, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci, 32, 20133 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2013.05.106","article-title":"Time domain functional NIRS imaging for human brain mapping","volume":"85","author":"Torricelli","year":"2014","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e6621","DOI":"10.7717\/peerj.6621","article-title":"Translating the hemodynamic response: Why focused interdisciplinary integration should matter for the future of functional neuroimaging","volume":"2019","author":"Cinciute","year":"2019","journal-title":"PeerJ"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1177\/1073858413502707","article-title":"Resting-state functional brain connectivity: Lessons from functional near-infrared spectroscopy","volume":"20","author":"Niu","year":"2014","journal-title":"Neuroscientist"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn2961","article-title":"Emerging concepts for the dynamical organization of resting-state activity in the brain","volume":"12","author":"Deco","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nat. 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