{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,17]],"date-time":"2026-03-17T02:35:16Z","timestamp":1773714916462,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":67,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,25]],"date-time":"2022-12-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1671926400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e Tecnologia (FCT), NORTE 2020, and European Social Fund of European Union","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2020.05356.BD"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020.05356.BD"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e Tecnologia (FCT), NORTE 2020, and European Social Fund of European Union","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UIDB\/05210\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/05210\/2020"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e Tecnologia (FCT), Portugal and the European Union","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2020.05356.BD"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020.05356.BD"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e Tecnologia (FCT), Portugal and the European Union","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UIDB\/05210\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/05210\/2020"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Principal component analysis (PCA) is a dimensionality reduction method that has identified significant differences in older adults\u2019 motion analysis previously not detected by the discrete exploration of biomechanical variables. This systematic review aims to synthesize the current evidence regarding PCA use in the study of movement in older adults (kinematics and kinetics), summarizing the tasks and biomechanical variables studied. From the search results, 1685 studies were retrieved, and 19 studies were included for review. Most of the included studies evaluated gait or quiet standing. The main variables considered included spatiotemporal parameters, range of motion, and ground reaction forces. A limited number of studies analyzed other tasks. Further research should focus on the PCA application in tasks other than gait to understand older adults\u2019 movement characteristics that have not been identified by discrete analysis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s23010205","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,27]],"date-time":"2022-12-27T03:03:31Z","timestamp":1672110211000},"page":"205","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Systematic Review on the Applicability of Principal Component Analysis for the Study of Movement in the Older Adult Population"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"23","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0123-4960","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Juliana","family":"Moreira","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Rehabilitation Research (CIR), ESS, Polytechnic of Porto, Rua Dr. Ant\u00f3nio Bernardino de Almeida, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Research Center in Physical Activity, Health and Leisure, Faculty of Sports, University of Porto, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-0150-176X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bruno","family":"Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Health, Polytechnic of Porto, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Hugo","family":"Faria","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Health, Polytechnic of Porto, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7394-7604","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rubim","family":"Santos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Rehabilitation Research\u2013Human Movement System (Re)habilitation Area, Department of Physics, School of Health, Polytechnic of Porto, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9528-1463","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andreia","family":"Sousa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Rehabilitation Research (CIR), ESS, Polytechnic of Porto, Rua Dr. Ant\u00f3nio Bernardino de Almeida, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"European Union Eurostat (2020). Ageing Europe\u2014Looking at the Lives of Older People in the EU, Publications Office of the European Union. Population and Social Conditions, Statistical Books."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kalseth, J., and Halvorsen, T. (2020). Health and care service utilisation and cost over the life-span: A descriptive analysis of population data. BMC Health Serv. Res., 20.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12913-020-05295-2"},{"key":"ref_3","unstructured":"European Union (2021). The 2021 Ageing Report Economic and Budgetary Projections for the EU Member States (2019\u20132070), Publications Office of the European Union."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"729","DOI":"10.1016\/S0047-6374(01)00418-3","article-title":"The social implications of an ageing population. Introduction","volume":"123","author":"Tinker","year":"2002","journal-title":"Mech. Ageing Dev."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"331","DOI":"10.1093\/eurpub\/14.3.331","article-title":"Biological ageing: A fundamental, biological link between socio-economic status and health?","volume":"14","author":"Adams","year":"2004","journal-title":"Eur. J. Public Health"},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1086","DOI":"10.1016\/j.medengphy.2011.04.015","article-title":"Multi-parametric evaluation of sit-to-stand and stand-to-sit transitions in elderly people","volume":"33","author":"Ganea","year":"2011","journal-title":"Med. Eng. Phys."},{"key":"ref_7","first-page":"61","article-title":"Gait and balance disorders in older adults","volume":"82","author":"Salzman","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am. Fam. Physician"},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"721","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2009.10.005","article-title":"Motor Control and Aging: Links to Age-Related Brain Structural, Functional, and Biochemical Effects","volume":"34","author":"Seidler","year":"2010","journal-title":"Neurosci. Biobehav. Rev."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Howcrof, J., Lemaire, E., Kofman, J., and McIlroy, W. (2017). Elderly Fall Risk Prediction Using Static Posturography. PLoS ONE, 12.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0172398"},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2018.06.012","article-title":"Do Spatiotemporal Parameters and Gait Variability Differ Across the Lifespan of Healthy Adults? A Systematic Review","volume":"64","author":"Herssens","year":"2018","journal-title":"Gait Posture"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E1","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0b013e3181c47a0e","article-title":"Kinematics of Sagittal Spine and Lower Limb Movement in Healthy Older Adults During Sit-To-Stand From Two Seat Heights","volume":"35","author":"Kuo","year":"2010","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apergo.2009.04.005","article-title":"Frequency of the sit to stand task: An observational study of free-living adults","volume":"41","author":"Dall","year":"2010","journal-title":"Appl. Ergon."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"244","DOI":"10.1007\/s40846-017-0297-2","article-title":"Analysis of Big Data in Gait Biomechanics: Current Trends and Future Directions","volume":"38","author":"Phinyomark","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Med. Biol. Eng."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2807","DOI":"10.1080\/09638288.2018.1478000","article-title":"A Rasch analysis of the Conley Scale in patients admitted to a general hospital","volume":"41","author":"Pellicciari","year":"2019","journal-title":"Disabil. Rehabil."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.1123\/jab.2018-0187","article-title":"A Principal Components Analysis Approach to Quantifying Foot Clearance and Foot Clearance Variability","volume":"35","author":"Benson","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Appl. Biomech."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1590\/S1413-35552011000100007","article-title":"Application of principal component analysis on gait kinematics in elderly women with knee osteoarthritis","volume":"15","author":"Kirkwood","year":"2011","journal-title":"Braz. J. Phys. Ther."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1304","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jelekin.2013.09.010","article-title":"Interpreting Principal Components in Biomechanics: Representative Extremes and Single Component Reconstruction","volume":"23","author":"Brandon","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Electromyogr. Kinesiol."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"351","DOI":"10.21037\/atm.2017.07.12","article-title":"Principal components analysis in clinical studies","volume":"5","author":"Zhang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ann. Transl. Med."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1857","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.00481.2013","article-title":"Principal components of hand kinematics and neurophysiological signals in motor cortex during reach to grasp movements","volume":"112","author":"Mollazadeh","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Neurophysiol."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Quan, W., Zhou, H., Xu, D., Li, S., Baker, J.S., and Gu, Y. (2021). Competitive and Recreational Running Kinematics Examined Using Principal Components Analysis. Healthcare, 9.","DOI":"10.3390\/healthcare9101321"},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102892","DOI":"10.1016\/j.humov.2021.102892","article-title":"Kinematic patterns during walking in children: Application of principal component analysis","volume":"80","author":"Malloggi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Hum. Mov. Sci."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"703","DOI":"10.1016\/S1350-4533(01)00010-8","article-title":"Principal component analysis of the power developed in the flexion\/extension muscles of the hip in able-bodied gait","volume":"22","author":"Sadeghi","year":"2000","journal-title":"Med. Eng. Phys."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"882","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2013.11.021","article-title":"Principal Component Analysis of gait in Parkinson\u2019s disease: Relevance of gait velocity","volume":"39","author":"Dillmann","year":"2014","journal-title":"Gait Posture"},{"key":"ref_24","first-page":"649743","article-title":"Principal component analysis of gait kinematics data in acute and chronic stroke patients","volume":"2012","year":"2012","journal-title":"Comput. Math. Methods Med."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2173","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2013.06.032","article-title":"Application of principal component analysis in clinical gait research: Identification of systematic differences between healthy and medial knee-osteoarthritic gait","volume":"46","author":"Federolf","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Biomech."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"695","DOI":"10.1007\/s10439-016-1713-4","article-title":"Age-Related Differences in Gait Kinematics, Kinetics, and Muscle Function: A Principal Component Analysis","volume":"45","author":"Schloemer","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ann. Biomed. Eng."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Phinyomark, A., Osis, S.T., Kobsar, D., Hettinga, B.A., Leigh, R., and Ferber, R. (April, January 31). Biomechanical Features of Running Gait Data Associated with Iliotibial Band Syndrome: Discrete Variables Versus Principal Component Analysis. Proceedings of the XIV Mediterranean Conference on Medical and Biological Engineering and Computing 2016, Paphos, Cyprus.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-32703-7_113"},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2006.01.007","article-title":"Biomechanical features of gait waveform data associated with knee osteoarthritis: An application of principal component analysis","volume":"25","author":"Deluzio","year":"2007","journal-title":"Gait Posture"},{"key":"ref_29","first-page":"662","article-title":"A review on the coordinative structure of human walking and the application of principal component analysis","volume":"8","author":"Wang","year":"2013","journal-title":"Neural Regen. Res."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1186\/s13643-021-01626-4","article-title":"The PRISMA 2020 statement: An updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews","volume":"10","author":"Page","year":"2021","journal-title":"Syst. Rev."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mamikutty, R., Aly, A.S., and Marhazlinda, J. (2021). Selecting Risk of Bias Tools for Observational Studies for a Systematic Review of Anthropometric Measurements and Dental Caries among Children. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health, 18.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph18168623"},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"iii","DOI":"10.3310\/hta7270","article-title":"Evaluating non-randomised intervention studies","volume":"7","author":"Deeks","year":"2003","journal-title":"Health Technol. Assess."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.1136\/jech.52.6.377","article-title":"The feasibility of creating a checklist for the assessment of the methodological quality both of randomised and non-randomised studies of health care interventions","volume":"52","author":"Downs","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Epidemiol. Community Health"},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"493","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jshs.2020.07.004","article-title":"The whole day matters: Understanding 24-hour movement guideline adherence and relationships with health indicators across the lifespan","volume":"9","author":"Rollo","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Sport Health Sci."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"180","DOI":"10.3129\/i08-001","article-title":"Age-related macular degeneration and low-vision rehabilitation: A systematic review","volume":"43","author":"Hooper","year":"2008","journal-title":"Can. J. Ophthalmol. J. Can. D\u2019ophtalmol."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1739","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.00844.2016","article-title":"Aging does not affect the intralimb coordination elicited by slip-like perturbation of different intensities","volume":"118","author":"Aprigliano","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Neurophysiol."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2021.06.019","article-title":"Application of Principal Component Analysis to Forward Reactive Stepping: Whole-body Movement Strategy Differs as a Function of Age and Sex","volume":"89","author":"Armstrong","year":"2021","journal-title":"Gait Posture"},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"568","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinbiomech.2012.01.010","article-title":"Kinematic covariation in pediatric, adult and elderly subjects: Is gait control influenced by age?","volume":"27","author":"Bleyenheuft","year":"2012","journal-title":"Clin. Biomech."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Boyer, K.A., and Andriacchi, T.P. (2016). The Nature of Age-Related Differences in Knee Function during Walking: Implication for the Development of Knee Osteoarthritis. PLoS ONE, 11.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0167352"},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"693","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jelekin.2009.11.009","article-title":"Postural reactions following forward platform perturbation in young, middle-age, and old adults","volume":"20","author":"Knight","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Electromyogr. Kinesiol."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"156","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2019.03.001","article-title":"Effect of walking speed on the intersegmental coordination of lower-limb segments in elderly adults","volume":"70","author":"Dewolf","year":"2019","journal-title":"Gait Posture"},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1383","DOI":"10.1007\/s00221-019-05507-0","article-title":"The effects of speed of execution on upper-limb kinematics in activities of daily living with respect to age","volume":"237","author":"Gulde","year":"2019","journal-title":"Exp. Brain Res."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2016.01.021","article-title":"Age-independent and age-dependent sex differences in gait pattern determined by principal component analysis","volume":"46","author":"Kobayashi","year":"2016","journal-title":"Gait Posture"},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Liu, C.H., Lee, P., Chen, Y.L., Yen, C.W., and Yu, C.W. (2020). Study of Postural Stability Features by Using Kinect Depth Sensors to Assess Body Joint Coordination Patterns. Sensors, 20.","DOI":"10.3390\/s20051291"},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1361","DOI":"10.1037\/a0013280","article-title":"Reaching beyond arm length in normal aging: Adaptation of hand trajectory and dynamic equilibrium","volume":"122","author":"Paizis","year":"2008","journal-title":"Behav. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s00221-011-2692-1","article-title":"Age-related changes in optimality and motor variability: An example of multifinger redundant tasks","volume":"212","author":"Park","year":"2011","journal-title":"Exp. Brain Res."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2009.10.005","article-title":"Differentiation of Young and Older Adult Stair Climbing Gait Using Principal Component Analysis","volume":"31","author":"Reid","year":"2010","journal-title":"Gait Posture"},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rosenblum, U., Kribus-Shmiel, L., Zeilig, G., Bahat, Y., Kimel-Naor, S., Melzer, I., and Plotnik, M. (2020). Novel methodology for assessing total recovery time in response to unexpected perturbations while walking. PLoS ONE, 15.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0233510"},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2021.05.014","article-title":"Age and sex differences in normative gait patterns","volume":"88","author":"Rowe","year":"2021","journal-title":"Gait Posture"},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1016\/S0968-0160(01)00137-5","article-title":"Knee flexors\/extensors in gait of elderly and young able-bodied men (II)","volume":"9","author":"Sadeghi","year":"2002","journal-title":"Knee"},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1007\/s00221-011-2655-6","article-title":"Continuous visual field motion impacts the postural responses of older and younger women during and after support surface tilt","volume":"211","author":"Slaboda","year":"2011","journal-title":"Exp. Brain Res."},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1037\/a0014272","article-title":"Interacting effects of cognitive load and adult age on the regularity of whole-body motion during treadmill walking","volume":"24","author":"Verrel","year":"2009","journal-title":"Psychol. Aging"},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"393","DOI":"10.1016\/j.humov.2007.01.015","article-title":"Feature extraction via KPCA for classification of gait patterns","volume":"26","author":"Wu","year":"2007","journal-title":"Hum. Mov. Sci."},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4426","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-61423-2","article-title":"The detection of age groups by dynamic gait outcomes using machine learning approaches","volume":"10","author":"Zhou","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-2909.103.2.265","article-title":"Relation of sample size to the stability of component patterns","volume":"103","author":"Guadagnoli","year":"1988","journal-title":"Psychol. Bull."},{"key":"ref_56","first-page":"11","article-title":"Sample size and subject to item ratio in principal components analysis","volume":"9","author":"Osborne","year":"2004","journal-title":"Pract. Assess. Res. Eval."},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2379","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jproteome.5b01029","article-title":"Approaches to Sample Size Determination for Multivariate Data: Applications to PCA and PLS-DA of Omics Data","volume":"15","author":"Saccenti","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Proteome Res."},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1354362","DOI":"10.1155\/2019\/1354362","article-title":"A Systematic Review of Thirty-One Assessment Tests to Evaluate Mobility in Older Adults","volume":"2019","author":"Soubra","year":"2019","journal-title":"BioMed Res. Int."},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"003","DOI":"10.23937\/2469-5858\/1510003","article-title":"Balance and its Clinical Assessment in Older Adults\u2014A Review","volume":"1","author":"Nnodim","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Geriatr. Med. Gerontol."},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"600","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2014.07.004","article-title":"Kinetic comparison of older men and women during walk-to-stair descent transition","volume":"40","author":"Singhal","year":"2014","journal-title":"Gait Posture"},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Schmidle, S., Gulde, P., Herdegen, S., B\u00f6hme, G.-E., and Hermsd\u00f6rfer, J. (2022). Kinematic analysis of activities of daily living performance in frail elderly. BMC Geriatr., 22.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12877-022-02902-1"},{"key":"ref_62","unstructured":"Richards, J. (2018). The Comprehensive Textbook of Clinical Biomechanics, Elsevier. [2nd ed.]."},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"527","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-62703-059-5_22","article-title":"Principal components analysis","volume":"930","author":"Groth","year":"2013","journal-title":"Methods Mol. Biol."},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"578","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dss.2012.10.016","article-title":"Clustering using principal component analysis applied to autonomy\u2013disability of elderly people","volume":"55","author":"Combes","year":"2013","journal-title":"Decis. Support Syst."},{"key":"ref_65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Shin, J., Lee, K.S., and Kim, J.H. (2020). Predicting Old-age Mortality Using Principal Component Analysis: Results from a National Panel Survey in Korea. Medicina, 56.","DOI":"10.3390\/medicina56070360"},{"key":"ref_66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1676","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-022-04801-2","article-title":"Kinematic characteristics during gait in frail older women identified by principal component analysis","volume":"12","author":"Tsuchida","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_67","unstructured":"Luk\u0161ys, D., Jatu\u017eis, D., Kaladyt\u0117-Lokominien\u0117, R., Bunevi\u010di\u016bt\u0117, R., Sawicki, A., and Gri\u0161kevi\u010dius, J. (2018, January 28\u201330). Differentiation of Gait Using Principal Component Analysis and Application for Parkinson\u2019s Disease Monitoring. Proceedings of the 2018 International Conference BIOMDLORE, Bialystok, Poland."}],"container-title":["Sensors"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1424-8220\/23\/1\/205\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T01:50:37Z","timestamp":1760147437000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1424-8220\/23\/1\/205"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,25]]},"references-count":67,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,1]]}},"alternative-id":["s23010205"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/s23010205","relation":{},"ISSN":["1424-8220"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1424-8220","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,25]]}}}